Minimum Wage Should Be Legal - 1427 Words

There has been a growing desire for minimum wage to be set at $15 an hour. While many of our lowest pay employees will be getting paychecks, workers who have been at businesses longer feel like they’re being undermined. Employees say that it is not fair for a new worker to be earning as much as someone who has been apart of the company for three years. Also, raising minimum wage poses a financial and management challenge for employers. Numerous cities have passed wage increases in the past year, and New York and California recently approved the new wage of $15 an hour. â€Å"The Supreme Court’s decision not to take on a challenge to Seattle’s minimum wage rule removed one of the most significant legal testes of local wage laws.† Seattle has now†¦show more content†¦The Obama administration showed increasing worries in Washington over a rise in intellectual property theft from foreign competitors, such as China. The new rule threatens to shrink com pany-sponsored research, which has become widely popular for high-paying foreign students in recent years. Information regarding defense technology such as munitions, nuclear engineering and satellite technology would be affected by the rule, which is still in the proposal process.Some top U.S. schools do not grant research that restricts participation to foreign citizens because they feel it counters policies on academic freedom and non-discrimination. Universities claim that the rule would offset the balance between national security and academic freedom. In a FBI report they recorded just under a million foreign students at U.S. colleges in the 2014-2015 school year, 31 percent of whom were chinese. The FBI says China is the main culprit for attempted exporting of technology from the United States, including genetically modified corn seed and sensitive military information stored on Boeing computers. The Department of Justice said in a statement that â€Å"we know some foreign s pies and criminals target students and faculty alike to steal valuable technology and intellectual property.† The Department is working with universities and laboratories to

Basic Computer Hardware and Software - 1712 Words

The Basic Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit: The central unit is the basic part of the computer and includes all the main computer parts. It is the heart of the computer system. It is responsible for executing, or running the software. The software programs are translated into a series of codes made up of 1s to 0s that the CPU can understand. Every code means a certain operation should take place. A CPU has various discrete units to help it in these tasks for example there is an arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) that takes care of all the math and logical data comparisons that need to performed. A control register makes sure everything happens in the right sequence. The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the PC. All other†¦show more content†¦The data and programs can be read and used by the computer but cannot be altered. They are read only. It checks the computers won components to make sure that they are working properly. It loads programs referred to as BOOTING UP. Cache memory is a form of RAM that is very fast and expensive as compared to RAM. It is situated between the processor and main memory and is used to store frequently used or recently used program instructions. Input Devices Keyboard-Keyboards are perhaps the most common input devices used with personal computers. Keyboards are set in QWERTY layout just as a typewriter. In addition to the letters, numbers, and special characters of the typewriter, the computer keyboard also contains function keys (F1, F2, etc.), special keys (Ctrl, Alt, Home, Page Up, Insert, cursor keys, etc.) and often a numeric keypad. Function keys let you perform an activity with one keystroke. For example, most programs use function key F1 for help. Mouse-The mouse is used to control the position of the cursor on the screen and to make selections. It is easier with the mouse although you can do the same with a keyboard. The mouse is a small box with a ball built into the bottom and with two or three buttons on the top. The cursor can change shape depending on the task being performed. Nowadays mouse and keyboards do not have to be attached to the computers base unit. Some now useShow MoreRelatedHardware And Software Basics Plug1409 Words   |  6 PagesHardware and Software Basics Plug-In B3 There are two basic categories of information technology which are hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer which is sometimes called the equipment of the computer which consists of the keyboard, disk drives, microprocessor, the monitor, the mouse, the processing unit, and many other physical parts. Most of a computer s hardware cannot be seen, it is not an external element of the computer, but an internal one surroundedRead MoreThe Digital Literacy Training Program Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesGoals and Objectives The module served as an introduction to basic computer skills. All students completing this course will be able to operate a computer, familiarize themselves with computer terms, usage and get acquainted with core areas of computer software. The students will have a better working knowledge in regards to the concepts and techniques of computer operations. Students will be better prepared to enter into the labor market and or be better prepared for today’s employment demandsRead MoreWhat s An Operating System? Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesis a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. OS is the software that supports a computer s basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals. It is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs in computer/computer devices. 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Information System lead to a great change in people`s life style, it is any kind of systems and it consist of six main elements which are people, hardware, software, communication network, data resources, policies and procedures. all of these elements are working together in order to operate more efficiently andRead MoreBIS 320 Week 2 Asm1197 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Operating Systems and Software Applications - Microsoft Windows 8 Your name BIS/320 Date Professors name Operating Systems and Software Applications - Microsoft Windows 8 Introduction Microsoft has been the world leader with respects to computer Operating Systems Software, and has increasingly become more efficient and precise with each release. Microsoft released their first version of the Windows Software (November 20th, 1985). This operating system was an anomaly at the timeRead MoreComputer Technology Handout1133 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Technology * What is a computer? * A programmable machine that accepts data – raw facts and figures – and processes (or manipulates) it into information people can use * A machine  that  performs tasks, such as calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program. Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer’s electronics. The program results are stored or routed to output devicesRead MoreA Research Project On Cyber Security1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasures. Cybersecurity covers the fundamental concepts underlying the construction of secure systems from the hardware to the software to the human computer interface, with the use of cryptography to secure interactions. These concepts are easily augmented with hands-on exercises involving relevant tools and techniques. We have different types of computer related crimes, cybercrimes, computer related offenses, federal approaches defenses. The information resources management has the technical mattersRead MoreTer Hardware Engineer. Robert Merrill . . 7 March 2017.1113 Words   |  5 Pages ter Hardware Engineer Robert Merrill 7 March 2017 1. JOB DESCRIPTION 1.1. Description As a computer hardware engineer, you will mainly focus on the physical parts of the computer systems. This will include aspects such as memory chips, keyboards, motherboards, hard drives just to give a few examples. You will be responsible for the testing of prototype model making sure that they work with the system. Also, you will work with troubleshooting any problem with the prototypes in the designRead MoreThe Basic Internet And Its Security1420 Words   |  6 PagesSydney B. Ellis 4th hour April 8, 2015 The Basic Internet and Its Security What is the basic internet and how do you make it safe? Most people in the world have a computer but do not know what makes a computer a computer. Most people do not even know what device would qualify as a computer. The computer is an important part of the twenty-first century. The responsibility of computer users goes beyond internet access. The computer has basic internet and security that is needed to be followed. TheRead MoreThe Windows 7 Operating System1390 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessfully navigate through the basics of Windows 7. After completing this activity, you’ll be able to: †¢ Describe the purpose of an operating system, †¢ Develop skills related to navigating the Windows operating system, and †¢ Relate operating systems to hardware and software programs. An operating system is a network of software that acts as the manager for all hardware and software on your computer. The operating system manages and interacts with the computer hardware, peripherals like your mouse

Organ Sales Essay Example For Students

Organ Sales Essay Since 1984, the buying and selling of human organs has been illegal in the United States. This prohibition on organ markets is very controversial. In the future it may not be the problem that it is today because of advances in the field of medicine. Unfortunately, right now there is an increasing scarcity of organs, and the waiting lists for livers, hearts, and other such organs get longer everyday. People are dying from this law, last year, 4,855 people died waiting for organ transplants in the United States (Waiting For a Chance to Live). To remedy this problem, the Federal government should repeal the prohibition on the sale of human organs; they should keep close tabs and impose regulations in order to keep the market fair. This economical and ethical problem is one in which government interference would definitely benefit the individuals involved. If people do truly own one thing, it is our own bodies, and we should be able to do with them as we please. Its legal to sell your ha ir or reproductive materials, but somehow legislators have come to the decision that the sale of a kidney is different than a woman selling a clutch of her eggs. Medical research companies can make huge profits off of products that come from DNA or cells taken without consent. Despite the many ethical concerns that some individuals may have, in a free country we should have the profit in any way we can so long as it doesnt hurt others. Any living individual should be able to sell their organs, but only to the governments, as some experts in the field of transplants have proposed. The government could then disperse the organs as they saw fit, to the sickest individuals first. There should also be stringent regulations on the condition of the organs being sold, so as to avoid an influx of bad organs into the market from people who are desperate for money. Blood banks had a quality problem until they switched to a strictly voluntary basis, but that is the system which organ banks use n ow, and it is obviously hopelessly inadequate. There are simply too few people willing to donate their organs. Brian Nottage says of the wait for kidneys, If allowed to trade freely, an equilibrium quantity that is higher than this amount would surely result, eliminating most of the shortage and waiting time. His numbers indicate that a $20,000 increase in the price for a kidney would bring around a 50% higher donation rate. He also says that the deadweight loss of welfare ?could be as high as $100 million. Cadaver organs should also be considered fair game as well. Some prominent people in the medical and ethical communities have advanced the idea that unless otherwise specified, consent for donation should be assumed. This is also how some European nations have come to deal with the ever-growing problem. Improvements during the past decade in the safety and effectiveness of liver, heart, and kidney transplants induced a rapid growth in the demand for organs, which now far exceeds supply. (How Uncle Sam Could Ease the Organ Shortage) This shows how the demand for organs is elastic. The supply of organs is elastic as well, but with no new incentives to donate or the right to sell organs, the supply has leveled off, leaving an increasing amount of people on waiting lists. Now, while government interference in trade is usually a bad thing, it would in this case help to ensure that everyone in need of a transplant received one. There are stories of wealthy foreigners coming to American cli nics and using money to jump the waiting lists and get transplants while poorer people go without the kidneys or livers they need. Because a binding price ceiling would cause a shortage, the government should let the market find its own equilibrium. But because this could conceivably leave people without the means to purchase one on their own out in the cold, the government could help poorer patients out financially in some manner. The advantages of a repeal on the prohibition would be that thousands of people who otherwise would have died while waiting for an organ transplant would live, and others can have a little bit of extra money as well as the knowledge that they helped someone live. There are plenty of stories about organ thieves, because it is said, that if any market is illegal, there will be a black market for it. Legalizing organ sales would wipe out any chance of this happening at all, farfetched as it is. If the market for organs was legalized, it would initially raise the price of organs. However, as more and more transplants were performed because supply was meeting demand, or at least coming closer, the operations would become much more routine, and the price would fall as this happened, which would make it more affordable for everyone. English Essays

Valid Contract free essay sample

Essential features of a valid contract Contracts come in all shapes and sizes. Some are verbal, some are written. Some are formal, some informal. The use of the internet and electronic technology is also becoming increasingly common in the context of forming contractual relationships. It is, therefore, important to understand the essential features which make a contract valid, binding, and enforceable. What is a contract? A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that is intended to be enforcable. A contract may be created: * Orally; In writing (including by electronic means or through a website); * By inference or conduct; or * By a combination of all or any of the above. Essential elements? For a binding contract to be formed there must be: * An offer which is accepted and for which valid consideration is given; * An intention to create a legal relationship; and * Certainty of terms. Special rules and principles may apply to contracts that concern specific subject matter, such as employment contracts, the sale of land, and the sale of goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Valid Contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The offer * Must be communicated. * Can be revoked at any time prior to acceptance. Must be distinguished from an invitation to treat which is where a party communicates that it is prepared to enter negotiations with a view to forming a contract. The acceptance * The acceptance: * Must be of the offer made, otherwise it could be a  ©counter-offeri. * If posted, occurs on the date posted, if by phone, fax, or email, it occurs when received. Consideration * Must be evaluablei. Something must be supplied in return for the promise made by the offeror, eg money. * Must not be unlawful or gratuitous. * Must not be something already done or suffered (past consideration). Intention The parties must intend to be bound by the contract. However, performance of the contract may be conditional on other matters occuring. Certainty * There must be certainty as to the parties, subject matter, and price. However, a contract that leaves terms to be determined by a third party will not be invalid for uncertainty. Many contracts require parties to agree to standard terms and conditions. Make sure you read the fine print so that you understand what you are signing up to. Proving a contract It may be necessary at some point to prove the existence of the contract or explain or efend its actions before a court or some other forum. An oral contract may be whether it was ever formed. A paper trail is important to proving a written or electronic contract. Care should be taken not to destroy relevant written evidence of a contract. Enforceability Although a contract may have all of the essential elements, it may not be enforceable because of some other issue, such as: * Lack of capacity of one of the parties (eg one of the parties is a child). * Where a mistake is made about the nature of the contract. Relief may be granted under the Contractual Mistakes Act 1977 where the istake results in a substantially unequal exchange of values. * Where there has been misrepresentation of a particular fact or facts inducing a person to enter into the contract. Under the common law and the Contractual Remedies Act 1979 there may be a right to cancel the contract and/or claim damages. * Where a contract is illegal or immoral or is effected by duress or undue influence of one party over another. * Where a contract unduly restrains a person in their trade. Remedies for breach Remedies for wrongful failure by a party to perform their obligations under a ontract may include: * Damages; * Cancellation of contract; or * Specific performance. Damages Generally, damages will be awarded if the loss suffered: * Was caused by the breach; and * Is not too remote, e the loss was reasonably forseeable. The amount recoverable is usually the amount necessary to put the party not in breach in the same position as if the contract had been performed. Cancellation In addition to damages, common law and the Contractual Remedies Act 1979 may allow a party to cancel or affirm a contract where the breach is due to a misrepresentation. Specific performance This is usually granted for breach of contracts for the sale of land or unique personal property. It is not usually granted if damages are considered an adequate remedy; if they are against or for an infant; or to enforce a contract for personal services. Statute of limitations The limitation period for all simple contracts is 6 years from the time the cause of action, eg breach, arises. Finally Never sign a contract unless you are sure you understand it. Generally, you will not be able to get out of it later. If there are any terms you are unsure about get legal advice.

What Is Advertising free essay sample

Advertising is a non-personal form of promotion that is delivered through selected media outlets that, under most circumstances, require the marketer to pay for message placement. Advertising has long been viewed as a method of mass promotion in that a single message can reach a large number of people. But, this mass promotion approach presents problems since many exposed to an advertising message may not be within the marketer’s target market, and thus, may be an inefficient use of promotional funds. However, this is changing as new advertising technologies and the emergence of new media outlets offer more options for targeted advertising. Advertising  is a form of  communication  used to encourage or  persuade  an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Advertising? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for by  sponsors  and viewed via various  traditional media; including  mass media  such as  newspaper,  magazines,  television commercial,  radio advertisement,  outdoor advertising  or  direct mail; ornew media  such as  blogs  and  websites  and  text messages. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased  consumption  of their  products  or  services  through branding, which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate certain qualities with the brand in the minds of  consumers. Non-commercial  advertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Nonprofit organizations  may rely on free modes of  persuasion, such as apublic service announcement. Those in client servicing must therefore interact with clients, gather information, oversee research where necessary, gauge consumer attitudes and based on this, work along with the various departments of the agency to formulate the most appropriate and effective  advertising  strategy  within the specified budget. To be an effective client-servicing person, the candidate has to have a thorough knowledge of the clients business and also know his weak points so that, through advertising and communications, the gap can be minimised. An  accounts executive  who works in the client servicing department takes care of all the monitory dealings. He should know the most effective way to advertise clients product or service i. e the media and their cost effectiveness. Account executives should also have an idea about market research and target audiences. Market Research Every good ad plans, start with research. This is the department which surveys the market and analyses and studies consumer behavior about a product or service. They are involved with collection of data- information about the consumer, the market, existing competition and so on. The research studies provide basic information to the manufacturer, for planning a new product. Media planning/Research Responsibility of media planning department starts at the point when the ad is complete. Media Department  is responsible for the planning, scheduling, booking and purchase of space and time (in newspapers, magazines, radio and TV, and outdoor hoardings). The media department must therefore devise the most effective use for an advertising budget to effectively and economically transmit a campaign message to the target audience. This department consists of the following: Media Planners who decide the different media where the ads would be featured in order to get maximum viewership. Media Buyer has to negotiate to buy space in the Press, or time on electronic media at the best rates for which he has to understand the buying as well as selling trends.

Free Essays on James Chadwick

SIR JAMES CHADWICK (1891 –1974) James Chadwick was born in Cheshire, England, on October 20, 1891. James is the son of John Joseph Chadwick and Anne Mary Knowles. He attended Manchester High School prior to entering Manchester University in 1908. Strangely, while enrolling in the University of Manchester, Chadwick who intended to major in mathematics accidentally found himself in the physics line. Too shy to admit his mistake, he stayed in line. Good thing he made that mistake because he eventually receives the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935. He graduated from the Honors School of Physics in 1911 and spent the next two years under Professor (later Lord) Rutherford in the Physical Laboratory in Manchester, where he worked on various radioactivity problems, gaining his M.Sc. degree in 1913. That same year he was awarded the 1851 Exhibition Scholarship and proceeded to Berlin to work in the Physikalisch Technische Reichsanstalt at Charlottenburg under Professor Hans Geiger. During World War I, he was interned in the Zivilgefangenenlager, Ruhleben. After the war, in 1919, he returned to England to accept the Wollaston Studentship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and to resume work under Rutherford, who in the meantime had moved to the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. Rutherford had succeeded that year in disintegrating atoms by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, with the emission of a proton. This was the first artificial nuclear transformation. In Cambridge, Chadwick joined Rutherford in accomplishing the transmutation of other light elements by bombardment with alpha particles, and in making studies of the properties and structure of atomic nuclei. He was elected Fellow of Gonville and Caius College (1921-1935) and became Assistant Director of Research in the Cavendish Laboratory (1923). In 1927 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1932, Chadwick made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuc... Free Essays on James Chadwick Free Essays on James Chadwick SIR JAMES CHADWICK (1891 –1974) James Chadwick was born in Cheshire, England, on October 20, 1891. James is the son of John Joseph Chadwick and Anne Mary Knowles. He attended Manchester High School prior to entering Manchester University in 1908. Strangely, while enrolling in the University of Manchester, Chadwick who intended to major in mathematics accidentally found himself in the physics line. Too shy to admit his mistake, he stayed in line. Good thing he made that mistake because he eventually receives the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935. He graduated from the Honors School of Physics in 1911 and spent the next two years under Professor (later Lord) Rutherford in the Physical Laboratory in Manchester, where he worked on various radioactivity problems, gaining his M.Sc. degree in 1913. That same year he was awarded the 1851 Exhibition Scholarship and proceeded to Berlin to work in the Physikalisch Technische Reichsanstalt at Charlottenburg under Professor Hans Geiger. During World War I, he was interned in the Zivilgefangenenlager, Ruhleben. After the war, in 1919, he returned to England to accept the Wollaston Studentship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and to resume work under Rutherford, who in the meantime had moved to the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. Rutherford had succeeded that year in disintegrating atoms by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, with the emission of a proton. This was the first artificial nuclear transformation. In Cambridge, Chadwick joined Rutherford in accomplishing the transmutation of other light elements by bombardment with alpha particles, and in making studies of the properties and structure of atomic nuclei. He was elected Fellow of Gonville and Caius College (1921-1935) and became Assistant Director of Research in the Cavendish Laboratory (1923). In 1927 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1932, Chadwick made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuc...

Theory of Coping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory of Coping - Essay Example These models include the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, the Developmental Health Model, the Framework of Systemic Organization, the Roy Adaptation Model, and the Neuman Systems Model. While these have been successful in aiding family members through the coping process, they do not focus specifically or solely on the coping processes utilized by patients in intensive care and their relatives. An evidence-based theoretical model is a necessary continuation of nursing research. A further understanding of the coping methods that relatives utilize during the acute stages of the patient's illness may allow health care professionals to predict and prevent difficulties during the recovery period. Johansson et al. (2006) posited that this theoretical coping model must contain both the ICU-stay and home recovery in order to facilitate the distinction of possible maladaptive coping methods and to assist in the choice of effective nursing interventions. To follow is a discussion and analysis of the theory formulated by Johansson et al. (2006) as well as a discussion regarding the relevancy and application of this theory. In their 2006 study, Johansson et al. ... ought to develop a theoretical model of the coping methods of family members during the patient's ICU stay and the following recovery process by performing an analysis of concepts that were elicited from two empirically based, theoretical studies. The researchers defined a relative as a close acquaintance or friend. The theoretical model of the relative's coping methods was inductively derived during the time between 2004-2005 and was based on theories that were produced from the aforementioned empirical studies. A university ethics committee then approved these studies (Johansson et al., 2006). The researchers defined inclusion criterion as adult relatives of adult patients that had been on mechanical ventilation in an ICU (Johansson et al., 2006). In order to refine and combine multiple coping concepts from both the ICU-stay and the recovery period in a unified theoretical coping model, the researchers used simultaneous concept analysis that was in accordance with previous studies. Johansson et al. (2006) utilized the simultaneous concept analysis in order to explain all concepts simultaneously providing definitions that were mutually exclusive of one another while focusing on dynamics of their interrelationships and overall characteristics. The researchers utilized several procedures in order to achieve their goals. First, they developed a consensus group that included individuals that could contribute a particular proficiency and were willing to compromise and aid in the creation of a theoretical coping model (Johansson et al., 2006). The researchers then developed the concept clarification strategy that involved choosing which particular concept clarification method should be utilized regarding the concepts of coping that were selected from the two

Global Trends Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Trends Paper - Essay Example This heterogeneity and culturally diverse employment landscape shall present several challenges that need to be dealt with. Not only will cross-cultural communication be a basic requirement in future but also the area of knowledge management will become critical to employees and employers alike. Keeping in view these trends, individuals, including me, will have to acquire extensive training and job-specific education in order to obtain a better fit with the need for IT skills in upcoming jobs (Stair and Stair). What is even more important is that I shall be required to develop strong cross-communication skills which shall be useful during my interactions with a diverse workforce in order to arrive at possible business solutions. Of which learning and development process, virtual learning shall form a large part. Therefore, training sessions may not always be physical; they would include webinars as well as video conferencing to ensure maximum gains from training. Another significant trend that has emerged after the IT bubble burst is that the recruitment and selection processes have become lengthier and involve greater scrutiny (Preibl, Bouwman and Steinfield). On the other hand, the good news for professionals like me in the long run would be that increasingly companies are taking steps in order to retain genuinely talented individuals with IT expertise. In doing so, these companies are offering incentives such as higher compensation, greater training and career development opportunities, flexible work schedules as well as bonuses for good performers. Employees who hold IT skills in highly rewarded professions may expect to obtain huge increases in their salaries. Thus, if employees, including me, acquire the IT skills required for the job, there will be better employment opportunities in terms of the above mentioned factors. Also, because the rate of technology becoming obsolete is every high with the boom in tablets, PCs and cloud computing, individuals who acquire degrees in specialized IT fields can secure high pay levels. The role of IT consultants, in particular, has enhanced rapidly as firms hire outside experts to help them manage their massive investments in IT. Also, according to research estimates, the demand for skilled IT workers is outstripping supply, leading to a wage premium for such workers. At the same time, however, the college graduates are facing the brunt of a 2% unemployment rate (Lerman). Therefore, for potential employees such as me, acquiring the right skill set is the first step towards securing a well-paid job which in future is likely to be one involving specialized knowledge of IT. The challenge associated with IT, on the other hand, is that increasingly pay is becoming variable as opposed to the traditional fixed salaries. Therefore, pay is increasingly being associated with individuals’ performance which means that if workers do not perform well their compensation will be reduced accordingly and vi ce versa. This shall become more stressful for workers, including me, who will have to constantly ensure that performance targets are being met. Also, the concept of job security is becoming increasingly threatened with the boom of IT as well as the global recession. Thus, one can expect being fired for not performing, or simply being laid off due to downsizing of the corporation. This is increasing specially because of the abundance of IT

Psychometric Testing Business Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Psychometric Testing Business Proposal - Essay Example It will rationalise the arguments for seeking an external experienced provider in order to advise and action that implementation. To create awareness amongst branch, regional and national management of the necessity to improve retention levels of existing telephone sales operatives within the organisation. To introduce new methods at the recruitment stage in order to achieve this. Typically this indicates that with a drop-out rate of approximately 3 new staff a month, HFC is losing on average  £1,944 each year just from the loss of newly recruited CAM staff leaving the company after just one month of employment. If applied and monitored successfully the implementation of psychometric testing could be used more widely across other departments within the organisation to ensure greater levels of high performance amongst staff, in addition to overall long term improvements in staff satisfaction. A number of companies have been identified and researched with a view to obtaining the best approach to this methodology and an ability to advise accordingly in terms of the principal objectives of this proposal. It is estimated that an assessment of all the identified specialists in psychometric testing will be presented and the successful tender agreed upon by July 2008. With a new strategic approach to the recruitment process enforced by August 2008. The current questioning system employed by HFC relies on 24 questions which have a numeric scoring system. This does not allow for any thorough quantative or qualitative data to be recorded or investigated for accurate results specific to the candidate. It is clear that this present system affords updating to inform a more accurate interpretation of the candidates commitment, knowledge and realistic expectations prior to being considered for employment. The scope of this proposal is to make a case for

An Overview Of The Date Palm Environmental Sciences Essay

An Overview Of The Date Palm Environmental Sciences Essay Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is known as tree of life plays an imperative role in the life of the people living in scorched regions of the world. It is an ancient and valuable fruit, as the dates name has been and is mentioned in holy books like the Quran, Torah and Buddha (Belarbi et al., 2000; Falade and Abbo, 2007). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is reported to have said that the best assets is the date palm, that it is used for curing many disorders, and He (PBUH) urged Muslims to consume dates (Zaid and de Wet, 1999). Muslims deem it as a virtue to eat dates at Iftar in the month of Ramadan. It has been cultivated in the Middle East since at least 6000 BC (Al-Qarawi et al., 2003). At least 2000 or more different cultivars of date palm exist all over the world (Ali-Mohamed and Khamis, 2004). The Date fruit provides a good source of carbohydrates, fibre, minerals, and vitamins, but it contains a minute amount of fat and protein (Baloch et al., 2006; Al-Farsi et al., 2005; Mohamed, 2000). Date fruit is also suitable for hypertensive persons because of its high amount of potassium and low content of sodium (Al-Hooti et al., 2002). New studies have reported that date fruit has antimutagenic and anticancer action (Ishurd and Kennedy, 2005; Vayalill, 2002). The ripening of the date fruit is considered by four different stages/phases based on color, softness, moisture, and sugar content. (1) Kimri stage: at this phase the fruit is quite hard, the color is green and it is not fit for edible purpose. At this phase the fruit attains a rapid increase in weight, volume and build up of reducing sugars that will weaken at the end of this stage. (2) Khalal stage: at this stage, date fruit gains its maximum weight and size. The dates total sugar and acidity will boost as its water content decreases. At the end of Khalal stage, the fruit is physiologically mature and hard. (3) Rutab stage: ripening of date fruit starts at this stage. Its colour changes and its texture become soft. It begins to lose astringency and starts acquiring a darker and less attractive colour than the previous stage. (4) Tamar stage: the date fruits are fully ripe at Tamar stage and texture of the flesh is soft. At this stage, date fruit contains its maximum total solids an d it is in the best condition for storage. Some references have mentioned another a very early stage named called Hababauk. This term is used for the female flower and also used for the period after pollination, in which the young fruit is still creamy before gradually turning green at the Kimri stage. Generally, date fruit is harvestable and marketable at three stages including Khalal, Rutab and Tamar that depend on cultivar characteristics, especially soluble tannins levels (Ismail et al., 2001; Hong et al., 2006; Awad, 2007). Although there are many cultivars of dates, some have become pre eminent in the world market (Krueger, 2001; Nixon, 1950). Deglet Noor, meaning date of the light in Arabic, comes from the Algerian Sahara and is one of the leading cultivars grown in North Africa and California. Halawy, meaning sweet in Arabic, is a soft, high-quality date with rich flavour from Iraq. Khadrawy, meaning green in Arabic, is a short and moderately productive tree with soft fruit from Southern Iraq. Climate is one of the major factors that affect all aspects of life and realistic crops cultivation depends on proper understanding of climatic condition. Proper understanding of climatic condition can help farmers in doing cultivation at an opportune time and supplying plants needs during growth period. The ripening season of date palm starts with the rise in summer temperature with July and August, which is the peak production period. Unfortunately, the monsoon rains also falls within these months of the year, which is a real bottleneck for this crop. Hillawi and Khadrawi are the major varieties cultivated in Punjab. These varieties are semi dry and ripened early in July and face a huge problem of monsoon rains. The coincidence of date ripening period with the monsoon season means the crop receives heavy damage by rain and a few minutes of rain can destroy upto 80% of the date crop (ASF, 2010) The fruit during this period is at eatable (Khalal/Rutab) stage and prone to infestation by insects/birds and diseases that invade at a rapid rate under the favourable climate of relatively reduced temperature with high humidity. This adverse situation persists for several weeks. The extent of the losses contributes to accumulate so long as the fruits stay on the trees for want of Dong formation until the end of July (Saleem et al., 2005). Rain and high humidity may cause physical damage to the fruit in period preceding the ripening. When this happens, cracks appear on the fruit surface through fungi and bacteria may enter causing fermentation and souring of the fruit rapidly (Olin, 2002). It is worth mentioning that the amount of any particular rain is of less importance than the conditions under which it occurs (Nixon and Carpenter, 1978). Traditional methods of date fruit ripening/curing are popular in many areas of the country, in which fruit at the Dong stage are spread on the mats or plastic sheets and exposed to sun in an open air. The quality of sun dried product under dusty condition becomes very poor and non-uniform with a low yield. Due to persistent rain and stormy conditions a large amount of the harvested dates become mouldy, fermented, and dusty, damaged by the birds and insects. The present study will be therefore conducted on the ripening aspects and fruit quality of date palm with respect to monsoon rains, by evaluating the potential of preharvest ethephon application on ripening enhancement and fruit quality of date palm at Kimri and Khalal stages, studying the role of different chemicals on the ripening behaviour and fruit quality and ripening and quality assessment of date fruit will also investigated by the influence of hot water treatment by harvesting the fruit at the physiological maturity (Doka/Khalal) stage. V) REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Fruits should be harvested at the correct physiological maturity and state of ripeness (Harman and Patterson, 1984). They are self sufficient with their own catalytic machinery to maintain an independent life, even when detached from the parent plant. Based on their respiratory pattern and ethylene biosynthesis during ripening, harvested fruits have been classified as climacteric and non-climacteric based on the respiration pattern and ethylene production during ripening. Climacteric fruits, harvested at physiological maturity, can be ripened off the parent plant. The respiration rate and ethylene formation though minimal at maturity, raise dramatically to a climacteric peak, at the onset of ripening, after which it declines (Gamage and Rehman, 1999). In climacteric fruit, onset of ripening is accompanied by a sharp increase in respiration and ethylene production. The climacteric ethylene is thought to regulate fruit ripening by inducing the expression of many ripening-related genes responsible for autocatalytic ethylene production, cellwall metabolism, chlorophyll degradation, synthesis of carotenoids and volatiles, and conversion of starch to sugar (Gray et al., 1992; Theologis, 1993; Alexander and Grierson, 2002). Non-climacteric fruits are not capable of continuing their ripening process, once they are detached from the parent plant. Also, these fruits produce a very small quantity of endogenous ethylene, and do not respond to external ethylene treatment. Such fruits show comparatively low profile and a gradual decline in their respiration pattern and ethylene production, throughout the ripening process (Gamage and Rehman, 1999). In non-climacteric fruit, there is no dramatic change in the rate of respiration, and ethylene production remains at a very low level. However, in some plant species, some aspects of ripening, such as chlorophyll degradation and fruit softening, are controlled or at least partially controlled by ethylene (Goldschmidt et al., 1993; Wills and Kim, 1995). Ethylene is biosynthesized from methionine via a welldefined pathway in which 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) function as key enzymes. Fruit ripening: Ripening is defined as changes that occur from the latter stages of growth and development through the early stages of senescence and result in characteristic aesthetic and/or food quality (Watada et al., 1984). It is a highly co-ordinated, genetically programmed, and an irreversible phenomenon involving a series of physiological, biochemical, and organoleptic changes that lead to the development of a soft and edible ripe fruit with desirable quality attributes. A wide spectrum of biochemical changes such as increased respiration, chlorophyll degradation, biosynthesis of carotenoids, anthocyanins, essential oils, and flavor and aroma components, increased activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and a transient increase in ethylene production are some of the major changes involved during fruit ripening (Brady, 1987). The color change during fruit ripening is due to the unmasking of previously present pigments by degradation of chlorophyll and dismantling of the photosynthetic apparatus and synthesis of different types of anthocyanins and their accumulation in vacuoles, and accumulation of carotenoids such as ÃŽÂ ²-carotene, xanthophyll esters, xanthophylls, and lycopene (Tucker and Grierson, 1987; Lizada, 1993). The increase in flavor and aroma during fruit ripening is attributed to the production of a complex mixture of volatile compounds such as ocimene and myrcene (Lizada, 1993), and degradation of bitter principles, flavanoids, tannins, and related compounds (Tucker and Grierson, 1987). The taste development is due to a general increase in sweetness, which is the result of increased gluconeogenesis, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, especially starch, decreased acid-ity, and accumulation of sugars and organic acids resulting in an excellent sugar/acid blend (Lizada, 1993; Grierson, Tucker, and Robertson, 1981; Selvaraj, Kumar, and Pal, 1989). The metabolic changes during fruit ripening include increase in biosynthesis and evolution of the ripening hormone, ethylene (Yang and Hoffman, 1984), increase in respiration mediated by mitochondrial enzymes, especially oxidases and de novo synthesis of enzymes catalyzing ripening specific changes (Tucker and Grierson, 1987). Alteration of cell structure involves changes in cell wall thickness, permeability of plasma membrane, hydration of cell wall, decrease in the structural integrity, and increase in intracellular spaces (Redgwell, MacRae, Hallet, Fischer, Perry, and Harker, 1997). Fruit softening is associated with cell wall disassembly (Seymour and Gross, 1996) and modifications to the pectin fraction are some of the most apparent changes that take place in the cell wall during ripening (Marin-Rodriguez, Orchard, and Seymour, 2002). The general observation is that softening is accompanied by solubilization of pectin, involving the action of enzymes pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectate lyases (PL) (White, 2002) and hydrolysis of starch and other storage polysaccharides (Selvaraj et al., 1989; Fuchs, Pesis and Zauberman, 1980). This notion was supported by reports of changes in cell wall pectic material in ripening mango (Roe and Bruemmer, 1981), tomato (Besford and Hobson, 1972) and pear (Ahmed and Labavitch, 1980). Fruit ripening and ethylene: The gaseous hormone ethylene regulates a number of plant growth and developmental processes, including fruit ripening. Ethylene plays a major role in fruit ripening in a wide range of plant species (Abeles et al., 1992; Lelievre et al., 1997; Giovannoni, 2004). It is a fruit ripening phytohormone, in minute amounts can trigger many events of cell metabolism including initiation of ripening and senescence, particularly in a climacteric fruit. A number of reviews have been published on the role of ethylene in fruit ripening, particularly in mangoes as well as its biogenesis (Adams and Yang, 1979; Kende, 1993). The pathway for ethylene biosynthesis has been elucidated in apple, and other fruits such as avocado, banana, and tomato (Kende, 1993; Yang and Hoffman, 1984). The first step is the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to 1- aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) by the enzyme ACC synthase. At the onset of fruit ripening, expression of multiple ACC synthase genes are activat ed, resulting in increased production of ACC. In most cases, it is the ACC synthase activity, which determines the rate of ethylene biosynthesis. ACC is then oxidized to ethylene by ACC oxidase. Potential of ethephon in fruit ripening: Fruit ripening has been described as an oxidative phenomenon that requires a turnover of active oxygen species, such as H2O2 and superoxide anion (Jimenez et al, 2002). Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), releases ethylene in plant tissues, has aroused interest because of its physiological effects in many fruit species (Cooke and Randall, 1968; Warner and Leopold, 1967). The responses to ethephon appear to be mainly caused by the action of ethylene (Anderson, 1968). Now ethephon is widely used in agriculture for promotion of flowering, fruit ripening, defoliation and so on. Orange, grapefruit, tangerine and green lemon fruits dipped in ethephon solutions for a few seconds to several minutes developed satisfactory marketable color in seven to ten days after treatment. (Fuch and Cohen, 1969; Yong et al., 1970). In pomegranates, however pre-harvest application of ethephon decreased the soluble solids, pH and vitamin C content of the fruit juice (Shaybany and Sharifi, 1973). Rouhani and Bassiri (1977) reported that when date fruits were treated with 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 or 2000 ppm ethephon and stored in sealed bags or bags with 10 holes. The percentage dry weights of pulp and seed, titratable acidity, soluble solids and respiration rates increased, whereas pH, firmness and astringency decreased with greater maturity. The application of ethephon increased respiration and titratable acidity significantly. Although ethephon concentration and bag type affected ripening, their effects were relatively small; endogenous factors controlling ripening were more important. Ethephon application at 1500 ppm shortly after full bloom on Zaghloul and Samani date palms grown in Egypt advanced fruit ripening by about one month (Kamal, 1995). Musa (2001) reported that effectiveness of ethrel in enhancing the fruit ripening of Mishrigi Wad Khatib and Mishrigi Wad Lagi dates grown in Khartoum, Sudan, was 2-3 fold higher by injecting 2ml of ethrel (480 g/l a.v.) into a pit made in the peduncle compared with 1000 ppm of ethrel spraying over the fruit. Preharvest ethrel application significantly increased the Rutab fruit yield per bunch (7 kg) as compared to the control (4.5 kg) and postharvest dipping of fruit at khalal stage in ethrel at 4.2ml/l and abscisic acid at 1.0 mM significantly enhanced the ripening, compared to the control (Awad, 2007). Ethephon accelerates ripening and improves the peel color of the mangoes (Lakshminarayana et al., 1975). Mixture of ethephon, sodium hydro oxide and water, kept in the vicinity of mango fruit, facilitate the ripening in natural way (Sudhakar, 2006). Nair and Singh (2003) reported that fruit quality in terms of TSS, TSS/acid ratio, sugars and eating quality of mango cv. Bocado was found to improve with ethrel at 2000 ppm. Increase in salt concentration progressively increased the Dong/Rutab formation of khadrawi and shamran date cultivars, and addition of acetic acid enhanced the effect, but acetic acid alone was ineffective (Kalra et al., 1977). Ethephon treatment stimulated the decrement of titratable acidity, anthocyanin accumulation and fruit softening four days after treatment in rabbiteye blueberry. The ripening promotion effect of ethephon on total soluble solids content was observed only eight days after treatment. Ethephon treatment did not affect the fruit enlargement during the investigation period. They concluded that ethephon application for rabbiteye blueberry promote the fruit ripening, but the stimulatory effects of ethephon on fruit ripening were different in degree on each ripening characters (Ban et al., 2007). The stimulatory effect of ethephon on blueberry fruit ripening has been reported by some researchers (Eck, 1970; Forsyth et al., 1977; Lewis and Ju, 1993; Warren et al., 1973). The skin color enhancement effect of ethephon has been noted for apple and cranberry (Eck, 1972; Murphey and Dilley, 1988). In Jonagold apple, ethephon application stimulated the anthocyanin accumulation in the skin, but did n ot affect the total soluble solids content, acidity and fruit firmness (Awad and Jager, 2002). From these results, it is concluded that ethephon application for fruit promotes ripening, but the stimulatory effect of ethephon on fruit ripening differs in degree for each fruit ripening character. Ethylene released by the breakdown of Ethrel ® is the cause of softening of fruit and hastens the onset of ripening of several fruits, including mango, as reported by researchers (Rupinder, Poorinima, Pathak, Singh and Dwivedi, 2007). Role of hot water, sodium chloride and acetic acid in fruit ripening: Recently, wide international interest in heat treatment for quality maintenance and disease control has reflected in a range of literatures. With exposure of fresh agricultural commodities to high temperature, heat shock proteins transcripts and protein levels in such commodities have been shown to increase (Lurie, 1998). Further more, a wide range of fruit ripening processes are affected by heat, such as color (Cheng et al, 1988; Tian et al., 1996), ethylene synthesis (Ketsa et al., 1999), respiration (Inaba and Chachin, 1988), fruit softening and cell wall metabolism (Lurie and Nussinovich, 1996), volatile production. Postharvest heat treatment also can reduce chilling injury in many kinds of fruits during subsequent low temperature storage as well as reduce pathogen level and disease development. Agricultural commodities are large and respond differently by applied heat treatment. Inappropriate heat treatment can also lead to ripening acceleration or heat damage (McDonald et al., 1999; Lurie, 1997). The influence of hot water treatment on the ripening/curing of Dhakki dates with 70 oC performed better than 35 and 93 oC furnishing with 55% product yield of acceptable quality. The yield of improved quality product is further increased to 70% on the optimization of treatment time to 3 minutes. They concluded that Dhakki dates does not require to stay on tree beyond fully mature doka stage for want of dong formation and hence saves at least two weeks hang-on period Saleem et al. (2004). When fruits of Khadrawi and Shamran treated with 2% NaCl alone achieved 72 and 75% ripening by weight, similar studies were also conducted on Khadrawi, Shamran, Zaidi and Thoory date varieties at the doka stage. Sodium chloride (0.5-3.0%), actic acid (0.5-2.0%), or sodium chloride at 1.0% + acetic acid. With Khadrawi and Shamran increased concentration of NaCl resulted in a progressive increase in the ripening percentage of fruits (Kalra and Jawand, 1974; Kalra et al., 1977). Shamshiri and Rahemi (19 99) reported that sodium chloride and acetic acid either separately or combined, significantly increased the TSS and reduced fruit firmness and moisture content. Acetic acid at 2% had a better effect on fruit ripening and sodium chloride, but the fruits with sodium chloride were better in appearance. Mirza and Meraj-ud-Din (1988) treated the fruits of Dhakki and Basra cultivars in doka stage with 3% brine solution, 0.25% acetic acid solution and 0.25% citric acid solution for five minutes and sulfuring them for five hours. Different chemical treatments significantly enhanced the ripening percentage of fruits, brine solution was found to be superior ripening agent.

Hamlet is a thinker not a man of action Essay

Hamlet’s one mission in the play is to revenge the death of his father by killing Claudius, however his procrastination leads to his untimely death, the deaths of many others in the Danish court and the relinquishment of Denmark to Fortinbras. Hamlet’s first words show a desire of revenge towards Claudius â€Å"A little more than kin and less than kind. † But later in his soliloquy we see that he is actually closer to killing himself, than killing Claudius or the perpetrator: â€Å"O that this too too sullied flesh would melt, / Thaw and resolve itself into a dew,† He doesn’t even contemplate killing Claudius; he hopes that the situation will resolve itself, which it never will, showing his unwillingness to act. This soliloquy also shows that he is not the bravest of people, as he cannot tell his mother how he really feels, another restrictive character trait when trying to revenge someone: â€Å"But break, my heart for I must hold my tongue. † In his soliloquy straight after Hamlet’s conversation with the Ghost he seems determine to kill his uncle, â€Å"thy commandment alone shall live / Within the book and volume of my brain. † The use of the word â€Å"commandment† shows that he will follow the Ghost’s word religiously. This shows that he is resolute, as a man of action would be. However, this is countered almost immediately at the end of the scene â€Å"O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right. † This shows that Hamlet is scared to carry out what he has to do, he would much rather someone else revenge his father than he. The first device that Hamlet uses to carry out his revenge is to pretend to be mad. By this pretence he hopes to draw the attention away of the court away from him so that he can watch and follow Claudius to see if he is showing any signs of guilt. He tells Guildenstern of his madness. â€Å"I am mad but north-north-west. When the wind is / southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. † His stated intention is to gain irrefutable evidence of Claudius’s villainy. He initiates this by visiting Ophelia in a state of undress and handing her a love letter, making Polonius believe that his madness is due to Ophelia’s rejection of him. Hamlet uses his feigned madness to show his true emotions and insult people he doesn’t like: â€Å"You are a fishmonger. † A fishmonger in Elizabethan times could have meant pimp, showing that Hamlet thinks that Polonius is using his daughter to gain favour within the court. Hamlet’s feigned madness does affect Claudius: in the first act he delivers long speeches, but by Act 2 he is reduced to short sentences like â€Å"We will try it. † This is an action, but it is one that allows him to procrastinate. When Hamlet is left alone he laments his weakness and inactivity. An actor could weep at the imagined grief of Hecuba, whereas Hamlet fails to respond to the murder of his father: â€Å"Tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect, / A broken voice, and his whole function suiting / forms to his conceit? And all for nothing! / For Hecuba! † Hamlet’s principles cause him a great deal of self-criticism: â€Å"Why what an ass am I! This is most brave, / That I the son of a dear father murder’d, / Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, / Must like a whore unpack my heart with words/ And fall a-cursing like a very drab,† He curses his inactivity, showing that, although he is a thinker, he would prefer to be a man of action. At the end of the soliloquy he seems resolved to revenge Claudius, the â€Å"Mouse-Trap† play is a form of revenge against Claudius, but again it is not direct revenge, as he is still procrastinating. The fact that he has not confronted Claudius four months after confirmation from the ghost that Claudius is the guilty party shows that he is definitely a thinker. Hamlet’s soliloquy at the start of Act 3 still shows his overwhelming desire to think, particularly about suicide â€Å"To be or not to be†. The fact that he is still has time for soliloquies, and that he is not trying to hunt Claudius down and kill him, shows that he is definitely a thinker. Hamlet shows a lack of self knowledge as he cannot, as he intended in Act 1 sc 5 â€Å"with wings as swift / As meditation or the thoughts of love / May sweep to my revenge. † Instead he broods on his father’s death and even when he gets proof from Claudius’s reaction to the Mouse Trap play, â€Å"I’ll take the ghost’s word for a thousand pound. † He hesitates and needs further spurring by the ghost in Act 3 â€Å"to whet thy almost blunted purpose. † Hamlet has the perfect opportunity to kill Claudius in Act 3 sc 3, but again he procrastinates, letting himself think about what will happen to Claudius’ soul â€Å"A villain kills my father, and for that I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. † He doesn’t act, because he thinks that Claudius is praying, cleansing his soul. This would send him to heaven, not hell where he belongs. The irony is that Claudius himself has too much on his conscience and cannot pray, â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. / Words without thoughts never to heaven go†. Hamlet curses himself in a later soliloquy for his lack of action. Hamlet’s first action of physical revenge is to stab Polonius behind the arras. This action shows that he can only do something on the spur of the moment. If he’d had time to think about it, he would have found a way around stabbing the person behind the arras, electing instead to procrastinate. Hamlet meets Fortinbras’ army in Act 4 sc 4, which makes him feel depressed when he compares himself to Fortinbras: the Norwegian Prince is prepared to fight over something of very little value, while he hasn’t yet taken revenge for the murder of his father and the seduction of his mother: â€Å"How all occasions do inform against me, / And spur my dull revenge. † Hamlet does what he always does when confronted with a problem; he has a soliloquy. However, this is his last soliloquy, which could suggest that he is done with thinking now, and will finally carry out his revenge. Hamlet shows another decisive action, in dealing with the betrayal of his one-time friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and with Claudius’ attempt to have him killed on his way to England. He replaces his own name with that of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in the letter, ensuring that they will be killed in his place. He also Boards a pirate ship so that he can return to Denmark, these are all very decisive actions focused to towards revenging his father’s death. Hamlet’s entrance into Ophelia’s funeral certainly is more action-focussed than his previous actions: â€Å"This is I, / Hamlet the Dane. † His fight with Laertes, declaration of his love of Ophelia and his switch from prose to verse show that he is longer talking his self into lying and misleading others. Therefore he is not thinking as much as he is acting. Hamlet’s next action is to duel with Laertes, not knowing that it has been fixed so that Hamlet will die, but as with most strategies in the play, it does go according to plan: Both Laertes and Hamlet are wounded by the poisoned sword, Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine, and one of Hamlet’s dying acts is to force Claudius to drink the poisoned wine, which he does with relish, enjoying the power he has, and the fact that he is killing the person who killed his father, seduced his mother, taken his thrown and plotted to kill him twice’ â€Å"Here thou incestuous, murd’rous, damned Dane, / Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? / Follow my mother. † His action here was done purely, without any thought. As he dies Hamlet names Fortinbras as his successor to the throne of Denmark. He admires Fortinbras as a man of action, seeing that that is what his country needs to return stability to it, â€Å"I do prophesy th’election lights / On Fortinbras. He has my dying voice. † The time frame of the play helps to reinforce the impression of time passing. Individuals in the play travel from Denmark to Norway, Poland and England, from the court to the countryside. Contrasting the activity of Laertes and Fortinbras with the prolonged inactivity of Hamlet. As the hero in this tragedy Hamlet doesn’t have one, sole, character flaw that leads to his untimely death. He is a thinker involved in a dilemma that can only be solved successfully by a man of action. His inability to act swiftly and decisively without high motivation in connection with his father’s murder brings havoc to the Danish court, his own death and the death of many others in the court. If he had been a man of action Claudius would have been killed months before.

The Challenge of Starting Up A New Internet Venture

Lui and Wong had made a good choice in choosing music as there online start up business, because of the nature of music itself is information rich, easy to distribute, consumption experience are indifferent between digital or physical product, also, without the space limitation of a physical store, MusicJuice. net can provide a large amount of selection for user to choose. In addition, internet landscape empowers the business model of Crowd-Sourcing, where millions of vertical interest group can form their own communities, share and support each other on the internet.And such business model has proven to be very successful in Europe, theoretically, MusicJuice. net should also be successful in North America where the potential market size was approximately 240,000 musicians. However, the company has been losing money month after month since launched in April 2008, only 70 artistes has signed up in July 2008 and none of them had reached the fundraising goal, and of course, no premium m embers at all. The two co-founders have to decide what could be done to save MusicJuice. et or whether they should close the business for good. Before jumping into conclusion, let’s examine the situation with the 5 Forces analysis. First of all, the threats of new entrants are too high, just like their competitor – Slicethepie. com was launched one month after MusicJuice. net began its development. Forming such music portal requires relatively low capital investment, and there is no customer or brand loyalty at all, because the users will only loyalty to the musicians. The threats of substitute products for MusicJuice. et is also very high, as people will enjoy and obtain the music they like in many different sources, CD Store, radio, youtube, iTunes, sharing between friends, or even download from piracy websites! Not only facing the threats of new entrants and substitute, what really bothers MusicJuice. net is the high bargaining power of supplier, i. e. the musicians . The business of MusicJuice. net is bet on the quality of their signed musicians, but what musicians really cares is to expand their fans network, but not to build any relationship with a particular platform.Even though the bargaining power of customers is comparatively low when the user addicted into any single musician, but such advantage is not sustainable once the musician switch to other platform. And the biggest force affecting MusicJuice. net is the high intensity of competitive rivalry, many companies including those major music labels and big IT corporations e. g. Microsoft also attempted to use MySpace to slice the pie of the profitable music industry, not to mention those giants like iTunes and Amazon.Even thought in such unfavorable situation, MusicJuice. net can still do something to rescue their business, not just working on marketing campaign or functional enhancement, but to focus on building the pure music community by forming strategic partners with indie band and independent music labels, line up with quality musicians to build few showcases of successful stories, aforementioned, their business is bet on the quality of their suppliers, they should provide a reason for the musicians to sign up on their platform.After all, people are looking for music as an enjoyment, not an investment, MusicJuice. net should provide more interesting free content for the user to enjoy music, but not just invest on music. (end)

Botticelli And His Portrayal Of Women Essays - Spring, Nude Art

Botticelli And His Portrayal Of Women Essays - Spring, Nude Art Botticelli And His Portrayal Of Women Botticelli is one of the most famous artists during the Italian Renaissance. He was very well know for the portrayal of the female figure and his ability to incorporate femininity as a symbol of life itself and/or nature illustrated by the changes of seasons. Botticelli most famous figure was that of Venus, the goddess of love. She was incorporated into two of his most famous works, The Birth of Venus and Primavera. Most of Botticellis women had that typical hourglass figure to them . During the time period in which these works were created, women with the physical characteristics of Venus were considered to be the ideal feminine figure. These women were considered to be ideal because during this era, flesh was a symbol of health, wealth, and stability (Sandro , 1). Women of this built were obviously healthy because this showed that they ate well and were thus financially secure. Thin women on the other hand were viewed as being poor and thus underfed and unhealthy due to lack of funds and hard labor. Also, men viewed Venus (especially her wide hips) to be the perfect figure, because they saw that type of figure to be designed especially for the purposes of child bearing (Turner 151). Venus, the goddess of love, is illustrated in Sandro Botticellis The Birth of Venus, as the ultimate glorification of the female figure, because this painting depicts the beginning of all beginnings, which is the birth of the goddess of love herself. It depicts this image because she is drawn as a pure person, not knowing much about what is happening. Botticelli does not show any signs of disrespect towards women. In fact in this painting, even though the goddess is Rizzo 2 nude, he depicts her in such a fashion that shows she has self-confidence and lack of embarrassment. The arm that covers her breasts and the log hair covering the genitals is how she is preventing herself from being exposed and essentially how he maintains her modesty (Dempsey, 35). Botticelli also delineates the love goddess to be sexy. He creates this illusion by giving her the long, wavy, golden hair. In general, long hair is considered to be sexy. Botticelli adds the wind factor, which in turn makes Venus more attracting because it leaves to the mind the imagination of her becoming nude if she did not hold the hair in the position that he placed it. The slight coverage of the breasts and the genitals is what makes Venus to be a very sexy and attractive woman. Revealing just a slight bit of the private areas is very attracting. It leaves to the imagination the rest of the picture. Botticelli represents the beauty of his women in another of his famous works. In Primavera, he depicts the birth of a new beginning. Back in that time period, spring meant new life. Flowers bloomed and people survived harsh winters. Botticelli is brilliant in the way he depicts this rebirth. The chronology of Primavera runs right to left, contrary to the pictorial sequence in the standard painting. He depicts the painting in this order because according to the Roman calendar, spring unfolded from right to left (Turner, 152). The painting begins with Chloris. Chloris is supposedly the reason for the appearance of Flora, the goddess of flowers. Chloris was raped by Zephyr, the man all the way to the right of the painting (Dempsey, 44). The flowers Rizzo 3 that come out of her mouth, onto Floras dress (whom Chloris was transformed into after the rape), symbolize the birth of a new beginning. This is said to be the part where the new beginning comes about. The flowers from Flora then begin to emerge from the bottom of Venuss feet. Venus in this painting is once again meant to be the beginning of the beginning of a new life. Spring is the known to be the beginning of new life because that meant that one survived the harsh winters. In this painting, Venus symbolizes the survival of the past season. The three goddesses to the left of Venus symbolize the blooming of the upcoming season (Dempsey, 62). Even though the artist uses these women as a

Indian Independence Essays

Indian Independence Essays Indian Independence Essay Indian Independence Essay 1. What do you learn from Source A about the origins of the Quit India Campaign? The Quit India campaign started when members of Congress were angry and frustrated with the British Labour government, which led the leaders of the Congress to announce the Quit India campaign headed by Gandhi. Gandhi launched the Quit India campaign during WW2 because of the failure of the Cripps mission. In source A Gandhi says how can we fight for democracy when we have not got it ourselves. He is only thinking of this from one point of view. If he had thought about it from another perspective he would know that the Indians were not fighting for Britain but for India. The Japanese were on the borders of India and could invade it. Then the Indian people could forget the question of independence. But if they helped Britain fight the Japanese then they could start talking about independence as was promised to them. He then says I do not want Japan to win. How could that be possible when he is telling his people not to fight and the Japanese are at the borders of India. Lastly he says I am sure that Britain cannot win unless the Indian people become free. This is like a threat; maybe that is why he got arrested the very next day and put into prison until the war was over. 2. Does the evidence of source C support the evidence of sources A and B about the reasons for opposition to British rule in the 1940s? Explain your answer. The evidence of source C partly supports the evidence of sources A and B. Muhammad Ali Jinnah made the statement (source C) in 1940, the year he demanded the creation of Pakistan and the time when he had the support of the British. He was making the point that Hindus and Muslims and their aims were fundamentally different except for one thing British rule-and the common desire to get rid of it. To him Muslims were a completely different race who were only helping the Hindus to be free of British rule so that they could get what Jinnah, their leader, was aiming for. Which was a new state carved out of India for the Muslims and to be known as Pakistan. Source A is an interview given by M.K.Gandhi in 1942, the year when he got locked up and Japan had reached Burma. He is using moral arguments to tell his people not to help the British. He is in particular trying to remind the people who are helping the British army in particular, that they are fighting for freedom when they themselves are like prisoners in their own land. How can we fight for democracy when we have not got it ourselves? Source B, from the autobiography of Jawaharlal Nehru. He probably wrote it in 1939, the year WW2 started because he is referring to how Indians are sent to war without the slightest reference to them. He is saying that how could a foreigner put the lives of four hundred million Indians in danger as fast as blinking an eye. The idea of a great country like India being treated as a mere possession. In conclusion the evidence of all the sources come down to one point, which is British rule and what could be gained from freedom. 3. How useful are sources D and E in Helping you to understand why the policy of the British Government towards independence for India changed after the Second World War? Source D is very useful as it is a statement from a member of the Labour government sent to India on a mission to make India independent. Source D shows us that after WW2 Britain could no longer keep control of a large country like India as it was fought to a standstill during the war and needed to think more about Britains recovery than any other country. It shows that Britain wanted to get out of India as soon as possible quite obviously impossible was to decide to continue our responsibility indefinitely, stated Cripps. He says he has two alternatives; the first one, strengthen British control in India could not possibly happen because at the same time he says we were demobilising the British armed forces from India and the East. Source E is also very useful as it is an eyewitness account of Direct Action Day by a Briton who presumably is not biased. It tells us that the situation in India was well out of the control of the British and the situation was deteriorating by the minute. If from one protest and one place people from one religion can kill people from another, you could imagine what would happen all over India if Britain did not do anything. Source E shows communal violence was escalating. You could see a crop of one religion or another being laid on their faces and being beheaded into the river the river was literally choked with dead bodies. The British knew they had to give India independence but the question that was delaying this was how to give independence. 4. Use sources F and G, and your own knowledge, to help you explain why India was partitioned in 1947. India was partitioned in 1947 as a last alternative. After years of talks and the failure of the Cripps mission it was quite obvious that there was no way you could get the Muslims and Hindus to live to together peacefully. The two people had nothing in common but their nationality. Their religion, language, writing and their way of life were different. For example, the slaughtering of cows by Muslims was offensive to Hindus who consider the cow a sacred animal. The situation in India in the 1940s was just chaos, it had turned into a civil war which the Viceroys government was powerless to stop. When it appeared the Congress had no desire to share power with the Muslim League at the central government, Jinnah declared August 16 1946, Direct Action Day, which was meant to be a peaceful demonstration but it bought about communal violence, rioting and massacres in many paces in the north. Source F, a photograph taken in Calcutta on Direct Action Day shows, a Hindu temple set on fire presumably by Muslims and in response you can see the police using tear gas to drive the protesters back. This Direct Action Day made people aware of the vast differences between Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi was horrified by Direct Action Day because that was completely against his aim, he had wanted to achieve a united India but without any violence. Earlier in 1920 he said that by self-rule he meant two things, self-government for India and self-control. He believed the second was the way to achieve the first. So he accepted Jinnahs idea of Pakistan reluctantly. Source G is a report written by the commander-in-chief of the Indian Army, on the independence day of Pakistan. He says the army and police are powerless to stop the violence as the police were defecting and joining in the violence thus making it impossible to get it under control. The most disturbing feature here is the defection of the police who are mostly Muslim. Communal violence in Calcutta and other cities still remained because people were furious that they had to leave their lifes work behind, so they took up arms against the other religion. To try and stop this violence, Gandhi, instead of going to the independence ceremony of India, stayed in Calcutta, where he predicted the most violence would be and attempted to stop it. The area that was going to be hard to partition was Punjab as there were three inhabitants of that area, Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus. The Sikhs as well as the Hindus didnt like the Muslims so they started armed rebellion against the Muslims. Source G says the strife here was started by Sikhs which are carrying out raids on Muslim villages one band is reputed to have killed 200 Muslims in one village. The British had to partition India for they could no longer stop the communal violence, the police were defecting and joining in the violence, the army was powerless to stop this, it was madness and chaos everywhere, there was no stability and no law and order. 5. The partition of India in 1947 could not have been avoided. Use the sources and your own knowledge to explain whether you agree with this view. There are two answers Yes or No. Im going to explain both points and come up with a conclusion, which will be my own view. The idea of partitioning India was a really late development and there had been some hope of an undivided India, with a government consisting of three tiers along basically the same lines as the borders of India and Pakistan at the time of Partition. However, Congress rejection of the interim government set up under this Cabinet Mission Plan in 1942 convinced the leaders of the Muslim League that compromise was impossible and partition was the only course to take. Therefore the partitioning of India could have been avoided, had Jawaharlal Nehru accepted the interim governments cabinet mission. It became inevitable only after Nehru rejected the interim governments cabinet mission plan after winning majority seats in the provincial elections of 1937. The British had followed a divide-and-rule policy in India. They categorised people according to religion and viewed and treated them as separate from each other. The government laws passed in 1909, 1919 and 1935 had reserved representatives for Muslims thus creating an idea that Muslims were different from Hindus. In 1935 the British government passed the India Act that proposed the transformation of India into eleven provincial states. The legislation also gave greater authority to the provincial assemblies to establish governments for questions falling within their own region. After the 1937 elections Jinnah expected Congress to co-operate with the League by giving it a share of government posts in some provinces. However, the League had won less than 5 per cent of the total Muslim vote, Congress therefore refused to give the League anything. Jinnah felt betrayed and went back to transforming the League into a stronger position to bargain with Congress. The Muslim League gained power also due to the Congress. The Congress banned any support for the British during the Second World War. However the Muslim League pledged its full support. The Civil Disobedience Movement and the consequent withdrawal of the Congress party from politics also helped the League gain power, as they formed strong ministries in the provinces that had large Muslim populations. At the same time, the League actively campaigned to gain more support from the Muslims in India especially under the guidance of dynamic leaders like Jinnah. With the Congress out of the way and the full support of the British, Jinnah in 1940 went for the extreme demand to bargain with congress, which was a new state carved out of India for the Muslims to be known as Pakistan. Even the viceroy at that time supported this idea to some extent. He didnt really think he would get it but it was a strong position to bargain from. He himself favoured a united India with strong provincial government so that Muslims would have more say whereas the congress wanted Strong central government, that was the only thing making Jinnah more determined to get Pakistan. So from this point of view India could have stayed as one if only M.L and I.N.C accepted the Cripps mission. And maybe Gandhi might never have been assassinated. From another and more moral point of view the partitioning of India at all costs could not have been avoided. Tension between Muslims and Hindus was unbearable as you can see from the sources I mentioned earlier. In source H, a book about events in the Punjab in September 1947, it describes a train journey from India to Pakistan. Hundreds of Sikhs attacked the train and My wife, who was seven months pregnant, was pressed on the belly resulting in an abortion a few hours later. The train started only when nobody was left to kill. This describes just one train journey from India to Pakistan so you could imagine what would have happened in residential areas of India. In source F you can see in the photograph that from one protest in one area in one day caused this much riot and bloodshed then you would have to keep these two people apart which in the long term would have to lead to partition. On the same day we have an eye-witness (Source E) account of what happened and to furthermore prove my point that India should have been partition, you should read the following statements from an unbiased Briton. You could see a crop of one religion or another being beheaded into the river. After the riot the river was literally choked with dead bodies. So coming to a conclusion I say the British did the right thing in partitioning India. They left India divided in two. The two countries were founded on the basis of religion, with Pakistan as an Islamic state and India as a secular one. India should have been partitioned because that would have been in the interests of both people.

The Purposes Essential in the Present Management Function Research Paper

The Purposes Essential in the Present Management Function - Research Paper Example The leaders in a firm also possess the ability to motivate people in accomplishing the dream. They also keep the staff focused on elevating the firm to attain its objectives while inspiring them in conquering whatever obstructions they meet. Conversely, management intended for recruitment, resources, and predetermined short-term aims for personnel to make sure productivity as well as giving the direction of achieving the long-term objectives. Teamwork is a virtue all contemporary leaders struggle to achieve. Furthermore, making a team depicts showing an elevated degree of trust that a majority of enterprising people in the agency are disinclined to offer. Leadership gives the vision, whereas the team gives the trail and course on the manner to reach there. Scrutiny of administration or rather management looks to manage by the employment of fear in addition to, tasks being rigidly outlined. Additionally, management wheels the course as well as giving the trail, rules, and wherewithal to attain the firm’s goal. Many articulate that, the dissimilarity between being a director and that of a leader is that directing is perceived in matters of career whilst leadership is a vocation or talent. As a leader, an individual should possess plainly distinct assurances and most outstandingly, the audacity of one’s assurances to observe them come into realism. Effectual skills in leadership are nurtured and polished by time, incidents, and a factual need to be more than being a manager, but actualize in being a factual leader. A question is asked on the directors and leaders role in the present day environment.

Federal Funding For Emergency Management Solutions Essay - 1

Federal Funding For Emergency Management Solutions - Essay Example During the fiscal year 2008, most of the federal funding for emergency management was focused on the research purposes(Moore, 2008). This was because of many of the hazard areas needed to be tackled with equal measure. For example, after the revision of the presidential budget from operating plan FY 2007, most of their funding changed positively towards the research activities as compared to the first-responder preparedness(Moore, 2008). The U.S government was under war with terrorism and most of the funding was spent on this activity(Bullock, Jane, George, and Damon, 2012). However, little research was being done on other areas that would affect the American citizens in equal measure. For instance, not much was done to combat the never-ending effects of natural disasters. The change in weather, Katrina, and drought really had a greater toll on people as compared to the government’s activities in Afghanistan and Iraq(Bullock, Jane, George, and Damon, 2012). Such disasters prov ed to be more dangerous by killing many citizens and destroying properties of great monetary value(Meade, Charles, and Megan, 2003). If not undertaken or solved in appropriate manner will have a huge negative impact to the economy of the country. Therefore, the American public would be served well by transferring funding from the first-responder preparedness to research and  development.

European exploration and overseas expansion Essay

European exploration and overseas expansion - Essay Example Firstly, the Europeans had desire for wealth and power. At the onset of exploration, many of these countries were weak economically, due to wars. Those in authority felt there were vast opportunities for wealth generation in the New World (Streich 1). This prompted the leaders to fund exploration in search of gold, spices, and other trade goods to sustain their ailing economy (Streich 1). This led to scramble for colonies, and they sent the wealth back to their countries. Secondly, there was religious interest. European had desire to spread Christianity to people throughout the world to counter the influence of Muslims. They also wanted to wipe the Muslims out of their territories. Thirdly, there was an improvement in the technology. The Europeans developed sailing ships with better navigation equipments (Streich 1). This made them able to move to various parts of the world. There was also development of more accurate maps. (Streich 1). Â  The Europeans expansion and exploration had a profound effect to those involved. The effects were immediate and long term. In the short term, the Portuguese built trading sites in West Africa, and some of them made Africa their home (McCannon 250-256). Secondly, there was a discovery of the new sea routes. In the long term, the Europeans competed to establish colonies. Secondly, there was also the expansion of wealth and power. Thirdly, there was the rise of the Transatlantic Trade that involved Europe, Africa, and America (McCannon 253).

Swiss neutrality after the cold war Essay Example for Free

Swiss neutrality after the cold war Essay The creation of the range and confines of Swiss neutrality at the point in time of its beginning and progress differed noticeably from that of these days; it may be portrayed as looser, broader and vaguer. The bipolar power-and-pact arrangement fell apart with the conclusion of the Cold War. Ever since, the global arena has seemed further complex and erratic. â€Å"Even if the balance of terror was anything other than a peaceful state, the international situation was more easily assessed then than it is today. †(Goetschel, 2005) Subsequent to the Second World War and throughout the Cold War, the Swiss government decision-makers superior the significance of impartiality at home and connected it to sovereignty. The wide-ranging population accepted this, credit in part to the combined experience of being spared the destruction of the Second World War. A neutral stance, connected with noticeable anti-communism, was seen as a method to defend in opposition to reputed threats to autonomy – be it from the Russians or from organizations with international prominence. Dissimilar to multi-polarity, bipolarity was more straightforward, and the superior meditation of power condensed susceptibility. Subsequent to the Cold War, neo-realists predicted military conflict to shatter the European continent once again. This was due to the fact that wars in Europe were actually potential threat once more, established in geographically restricted regions because of the fall of the accord system. However, these are clashes within states, not warfare between them. The modification in international relations at the conclusion of the Cold War lead to a continuing sharp rise in value for foreign policy carried out multilaterally, as different to customary mutual relations. Both the investigation for new international ideologies of organization and the opinionated management of globalization command a collective political approach; more and more, this is taking place. This is relevant to an even higher level to Europe, where the political society of EU countries carries on developing and integrating. Nation-states stay the most significant actors, but the surroundings in which they pursue and put into effect their interests has changed. During the Cold War, foreign policy and foreign trade policy were more or less identical in Switzerland, since it deliberately endorsed apolitical monetary foreign relations, in maintenance of traditional explanations of Swiss impartiality. Since then, Switzerlands foreign trade guiding principle has assisted it realize notable financially viable incorporation in the world, in spite of its small-state identity (the recurrent justification for unreceptive policy in further areas of foreign associations). Switzerlands participation in NATOs Partnership for Peace (Web 1) is a glaring example. Hastening transformation in the worldwide arena since the closing stages of the Cold War has impacted Swiss foreign policy in two ways: mutual action has developed as being more important, and the overlap of domestic and foreign policy has increased. This paper’s conclusions focus on these two points, which have originated a rise in the contradictory goals and confront that shape rational foreign policy. Global conditions influence independence, power and national interests. States, doesn’t matter if they are large or small, can ever expect to have absolute autonomy. At present independence tends to play a superior role in discussions than territorial barriers do. This calls for a combined political approach, particularly when probing for new principles of intercontinental order and dealing politically with globalization. Resources Goetschel, Laurent. 2005. Swiss Foreign Policy. Publisher: Rout ledge. Web 1- http://www. eda. admin. ch/etc/medialib/downloads/edazen/doc/publi. Par. 0012. File. tmp/Swiss%20Neutrality%20in%20Practice%20-%20Current%20Aspects. pdf

Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers

In the early 19th century a man by the name of Napoleon Bonaparte led a Coup D’etat that created a new government in France. This new government started out with a tribunal leadership, which Napoleon was first consul, and later changed to an empire with Napoleon as emperor. Some people believe that he made the revolution better and expanded the revolution but this is not true. The facts, when closely looked at, prove that Napoleon effectively destroyed the revolution by telling the people of his country one thing while he was actually planning on doing something totally different. He deceived people so well that he is still convincing people today that he was a defender of the revolution. With this pack of deception Napoleon set the people of France back into the 18th century by killing off a great number of the young population in his wars. He led the people of France to believe that he was spreading the revolution throughout Europe but the truth is that he believed that in order to be a great leader he would have to invade and conquer many foreign lands. He controlled what the people wrote and read through the media. It all started with a coup against the government that he was fighting for. The Coup D’etat, led by Napoleon, took place at the perfect time because the Jacobins were losing power and there were many people being executed for allegedly being monarchists. In the courts a person was not able to speak in their defense so if the prosecutor made a good enough argument the charged would be executed by the guillotine. There were many innocent people who were executed, and many more who were afraid. After the coup a referendum was held in 1802 that made Napoleon First Consul for life. This was his first step in turning France back into a monarchy. The next step was in 1804 when a second referendum was held that made him Emperor. The people really had no choice. They could have an Emperor and essentially turn back into a monarchy or return to the governmental insatiability that they had been living in for about 10 years before Napoleon came into the spotlight. The electorate, whom were the people that owned land and were the only citizens who were allowed to vote, overwhelmingly voted in favor of making Napoleon Emperor. Napoleon after all was the lesser of the two evils. After the vote Napoleon granted general... ...rong. With the whole of Europe joining coalitions to fight against this emperor, they must have known what Napoleon was really fighting for. He wanted to take over Europe and when he won a number of victories he thought that he could take over the world. He thought too big too fast and underestimated things like harsh winters and the ability of his opponents to get stronger. The setting up a fake legislature to make the people think that he was working in their interests was a good way of getting people on his side. In some countries peasant and working classes relished the thought of Napoleon leading their country. After he took power the people started to feel oppressed and became unhappy when relatives of Napoleon’s became their Kings. The thing that topped it off was the fact that the Code Napoleon did not allow changes for the different countries. These facts prove without a doubt that Napoleon lied to his people so they would support him. While he was doing this lying he managed to kill off most of a generation of French, which left France behind in the Industrial Revolution, and turn the Republic that the revolution had fought for back into a Monarchy. V

Men Essay Question

You are sitting in a small, not very well ventilated room that has no air conditioning. You are sitting alongside eleven other overheated, uncomfortable, impatient men. That sounds rather unpleasant, right? Perhaps the last place you would like to be. Imagine how the Jurors may have been compelled to hurry and reach a conclusion for the young boys life they were debating on. What If, these men were seated In a well-lit, cool, comfortable room, with decorations and armchairs†¦ Would they have reached a different conclusion?Or maybe the same decision, but In much fewer hours. In the movie, one or two Jurors had plans to go too baseball game. A few others have plans with family and friends. Most everyone was ready get out of there as soon as possible. When being rushed, your mind tends to blur around the facts as well as your temper being shortened. This caused many of the Jurors to lose their temper, sending the group Into outraged arguments. Let's say the Jurors were not Irritabl e, but Instead had clear heads, and relaxed emotions.I'm sure the first response would be to think about it reasonably. The questionable trial would have been debated smoother with much less arguments. Having fewer disagreements, the trial's outcome may have turned out differently. The boy was let go innocent, but only after hours of debating the matter. If the conditions in which they were debating the trial were changed for the better, the outcome could have easily been different. They could have all agreed at once that he was guilty; they could have all agreed much quicker that he was innocent.Better conditions may have allowed for different first mime impressions of the trial, and led to a better conversation on what side to vote for. I believe that if the Jurors were placed in better conditions to decide, they could have come to a conclusion much quicker than that of which they were placed in. If it were me being shoved in a room with other inhospitable, rushed, people; I too, even if I wasn't at first, would become grumpy and more argumentative. This only proves that the conditions in which people interact and converse in, do affect the attitudes and outcomes of the debated situation.