Why Are Swb Measures Important For Policy Design

Affects Two popular techniques of capturing affects are experience sampling method (ESM) and day reconstruction methods (DRM). ESM participants are supposed to record their feelings and activities at random time points, few times a day, over a period of several weeks. This method is the most accurate one, but is expensive and intrusive (Lyubomirsky Kurtz, 2011). DRM is a popular alternative to ESM. Participants are asked about their entire day in a diary form. The main problem of DRM is a lack of details due to the recall effect, but it still replicates ESM results accurately enough (Kahneman et al., 2004). Why are SWB measures important for policy design? Now, after I described what SWB is, how to measure it and what possible methodological issues exist, I would like to move to the most important question – is it necessary to invest money, time and research potential into the measuring and analyzing of SWB? Can we just continue using traditional objective, economic-based indicators? As I mentioned earlier, income is not the only factor that contributes to well-being. What is the best way to understand what aspects of our life really matter? As it turns out, people do not usually have accurate a priori beliefs about what makes them happy, and the weight of different factors might be different for different cultures, subgroups and individuals. That is the first area where SWB measures can be useful. By measuring different aspects of wellbeing, it is possible to determineShow MoreRelatedEssay1105 Words   |  5 Pages Policy design of the transportation system has long used statistics of typical economic indicators of ridership to find ways where the system is in need of corrections to operate in a more effective and efficient manner. This usually is concerned with preventing congestion at peak times or removing routes on time slots that are not financially efficient, based on the numbers and frequencies of ridership. Recently, psychologists, social scientists, behavioural economists and researchers in other

Quotes From Ayn Rands Atlas Shrugged

Atlas Shrugged, by Ayn Rand, is a philosophical novel. The theme (according to Rand) is  the role of mans mind in existence. Published in 1957, its a dystopian novel, centering around Dagny Taggart. Here are popular quotes from the novel. It was the joy of admiration and of ones own ability, growing together.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 He was a man who had never accepted the creed that others had the right to stop him.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 Against whom is any union organized?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 This was reality, she thought, this sense of clear outlines, of purpose, of lightness, of hope.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 If ones actions are honest, one does not need the predated confidence of others, only their rational perception.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 6 I never believed that story. I thought by the time the sun was exhausted, men would find a substitute.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 This was the great clarity of being beyond emotion, after the reward of having felt everything one could feel.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Now she was free for the simplest, most commonplace concerns of the moment, because nothing could be meaningless within her sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was useless to argue, she thought, and to wonder about people who would neither refute an argument nor accept it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Mr. Ward, what is it that the foulest bastards on earth denounce us for, among other things? Oh yes, for our motto of Business as usual. Well—business as usual, Mr. Ward!-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Thought—he told himself quietly—is a weapon one uses in order to act... Thought is the tool by which one makes a choice... Thought sets ones purpose and the way to reach it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was the greatest sensation of existence: not to trust, but to know.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 8 Dont ever get angry at a man for stating the truth.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 He knew no weapons but to pay for what he wanted, to give value, to ask nothing of nature without trading his effort in return, to ask nothing of men without trading the product of his effort.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 By the essence and nature of existence, contradictions cannot exist.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 There might be some sort of justification for the savage societies in which a man had to expect that enemies could murder him at any moment and had to defend himself as best he could. But there can be no justification for a society in which a man is expected to manufacture the weapons for his own murderers.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 1 Money is a tool of exchange, which cant exist unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and give value for value.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Wealth is the product of mans capacity to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 There are no evil thoughts except one: the refusal to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Love is our response to our highest values — and can be nothing else.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 Only the man who extols the purity of a love devoid of desire, is capable of the depravity of a desire devoid of love.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 When one acts on pity against justice, it is the good whom one punishes for the sake of the evil; when one saves the guilty from suffering, it is the innocent whom one ​forces to suffer.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 6 You do not have to depend on any material possessions, they depend on you, you create them, you own the one and only tool of production.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 8 They told us that this plan would achieve a noble ideal. Well, how were we to know otherwise? Hadnt we heard it all our lives—from our parents and our schoolteachers and our ministers, and in every newspaper we ever read and every movie and every public speech?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 10 She felt suddenly as if nothing existed beyond that circle, and she wondered at the joyous, proud comfort to be found in a sense of the finite, in the knowledge that the field of ones concern lay within the realm of ones sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Whats wealth but the means of expanding ones life? Theres two ways one can do it: either by producing more or by producing it faster.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 What greater wealth is there than to own your life and to spend it on growing? Every living thing must grow. It cant stand still. It must grow or perish.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Any man whos afraid of hiring the best ability he can find, is a cheat whos in a business where he doesnt belong.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Through all the centuries of the worship of the mindless, whatever stagnation humanity chose to endure, whatever brutality to practice–it was only by the grace of the men who perceived that wheat must have water in order to grow, that stones laid in a curve will form an arch, that two and two make four, that love is not served by torture and life is not fed by destruction–only by the grace of those men did the rest of them learn to experience moments when they caught the spark of being human.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 When nothing seems worth the effort–said some stern voice in her mind–its a screen to hide a wish thats worth too much; what do you want?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Theres only one passion in most artists more violent than their desire for admiration: their fear of identifying the nature of such admiration as they do receive.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Whether its a symphony or a  coal mine, all work is an act of creating and comes from the same source: from an inviolate capacity to see through ones own eyes–which means: the capacity to perform a rational identification–which means: the capacity to see, to connect and to make what had not been seen, connected and made before.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Every man builds his world in his own image... He has the power to choose, but no power to escape the necessity of choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 No ones happiness but my own is in my power to achieve or to destroy.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 If you are not convinced, ignore our certainty. Dont be tempted to substitute our judgment for your own.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 She was seeing the brand of pain and fear on the faces of people, and the look of evasion that refuses to know it–they seemed to be going through the motions of some enormous pretense, acting out a ritual to ward off reality, letting the earth remain unseen and their lives unlived, in dread of something namelessly forbidden–yet the forbidden was the simple act of looking at the nature of their pain and questioning their duty to bear it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 People think that a liar gains a victory over his victim. What Ive learned is that a lie is an act of self-abdication, because one surrenders ones reality to the person to whom one lies, making that person ones master, comdemning oneself from then on to faking the sort of reality that persons view requires to be faked.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 You dont have to see through the eyes of others, hold onto yours, stand on your own judgment, you know that what is, is–say it aloud, like the holiest of prayers, and dont let anyone tell you otherwise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 4 The only guilt of the victims, he thought, had been that they accepted it as guilt.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 5 It was a sense of extreme precision and of relaxation, together, a sense of action without strain, which seemed inexplicably youthful–until he realized that this was the way he had acted and had expected always to act, in his youth and what he now felt was like the simple, astonished question: Why should one ever have to act in any other manner?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 From the first catch-phrases flung at a child to the last, it is like a series of shocks to freeze his motor, to undercut the power of his consciousness. Dont ask so many questions, children should be seen and not heard!–Who are you to think? Its so, because I say so!–Dont argue, obey!–Dont try to understand, believe!–Dont rebel, adjust!–Dont stand out, belong!–Dont struggle, compromise!–Your heart is more important than your mind!–Who are you to know? Your parents know best!–Who are you to know? Society knows best!–Who are you to know? The bureaucrats know best!–Who are you to object? All values are relative!–Who are you to want to escape a thugs bullet? Thats only a personal prejudice!-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 Man has no automatic code of survival. His particular distinction from all other living species is the necessity to act in the face of alternatives by means of volitional choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Man has to be a man–by choice; he has to hold his life as a value–by choice; he has to learn to sustain it–by choice; he has to discover the values it requires and practice his virtues by choice. A code of values accepted by choice is a code of morality.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 By the grace of reality and the nature of life, man–every man–is an end in himself, he exists for his own sake, and the achievement of his own happiness is his highest moral purpose.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Truth is the recognition of reality; reason, mans only means of knowledge, is his only standard of truth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Your mind is your only judge of truth–and if others  dissent  from your verdict, reality is the court of final appeal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The moral is the chosen, not the forced; the understood, not the obeyed. The moral is the rational, and reason accepts no commandments.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Emotions are inherent in your nature, but their content is dictated by your mind. Your emotional capacity is an empty motor, and your values are the fuel with which your mind fills it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The symbol of all relationships among such men, the moral symbol of respect for human beings, is the trader. We, who live by values, not by loot, are traders, both in matter and in spirit. A trader is a man who earns what he gets and does not give or take the undeserved.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Whoever, to whatever purpose or extent, initiates the use of force, is a killer acting on the premise of death in a manner wider than murder: the premise of destroying mans capacity to live.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 A morality that holds need as a claim, holds emptiness–non-existence–as its standard of value; it rewards an absence, a defect: weakness, inability, incompetence, suffering, disease, disaster, the lack, the fault, the flaw–the zero.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To love is to value.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Love is the expression of ones values, the greatest reward you can earn for the moral qualities you have achieved in your character and person, the emotional price paid by one man for the joy he receives from the virtues of another.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Public welfare is the welfare of those who do not earn it; those who do, are entitled to no welfare.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The man who refuses to judge, who neither agrees nor disagrees, who declares that there are no absolutes and believes that he escapes responsibility, is the man responsible for all the blood that is now spilled in the world.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 In any compromise between food and poison, it is only death that can win. In any compromise between good and evil, it is only evil that can profit.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every form of causeless self-doubt, every feeling of inferiority and secret unworthiness is, in fact, mans hidden dread of his inability to deal with existence.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To fear to face an issue is to believe that the worst is true.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All property and all forms of wealth are produced by mans mind and labor.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The only proper functions of a government are: the police, to protect you from criminals; the army, to protect you from foreign invaders; and the courts, to protect your property and contracts from breach or fraud by others, to settle disputes by rational rules, according to objective law.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every man is free to rise as far as hes able or willing, but its only the degree to which he thinks that determines the degree to which hell rise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The evil of the world is made possible by nothing but the sanction you give it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All life is a purposeful struggle, and your only choice is the choice of a goal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Fight for the value of your person. Fight for the virtue of your pride. Fight for the essence of that which is man: for his sovereign rational mind. Fight with the radiant certainty and the absolute rectitude of knowing that yours is the Morality of Life and that yours is the battle for any achievement, any value, any grandeur, any goodness, any joy that has ever existed on this earth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 When you force a man to act against his own choice and judgment, its his thinking that you want him to suspend.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7

The Political Affairs Of Latin America - 925 Words

The United-States has always had a major impacting role in the political affairs of Latin America. Since the dawn of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, the U.S. has taken a firm and direct stance when dealing with the continent to ensure that its [United States] interests are always upheld. This being said, the U.S. uses formal and informal manipulation and intervention to ensure that Latin American governments are compatible with U.S. interests. This dates back, as previously said, to the time of the Monroe doctrine, when the United-States wanted to protect its expansion and dominance in the two Continent form European powers. Following this was the onset of the Truman Doctrine of 1947, which sought to contain the spread of communism, especially within what they considered their own sphere of influence†¦i.e. Latin America. Following the collapse of the soviet block the 1990s could be considered a period of foreign policy stagnation, where the U.S attempted to seek out trade and diplo macy, rather than intervention and manipulation policies towards the countries of Latin America. Though, this seemingly came to an end with the onset of the terror attacks of September 11th, 2001, which sparked the new â€Å"War on Terror† American policy orientation back to a more interventionist approach. This paper will demonstrate how the different foreign policy approaches came about with contextual pressures and the means in which they employed to ensure that the U.S interest are upheld. InterestsShow MoreRelatedEconomic Dependence On Latin America1574 Words   |  7 Pages Economic Dependence in Latin America: From the Eagle to the Dragon? Data taken from the World Bank database show a shift in the economic relations between the United States, China, and the major economies of Latin American region; Brazil and Argentina. 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This spike was the result of the harvesting of Latin Ame rica s immense agricultural resources that were exported to many nations. Latin America s massive development of economic trade precisely compelled a liberal ideology among the nation and lead to internal conflict, power shift in social classes, and political reformation. In order for Latin America, or anyRead MoreRoosevelt Corollary Of The Doctrine1495 Words   |  6 Pagesin my opinion is one of our best presidents. By using the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Theodore Roosevelt expanded the role of presidency in foreign affairs. Which stated that the U.S. had the right to oppose European intervention in the western hemisphere and also to intervene itself in the domestic affairs of its neighbors (Maass 383). This was brought about when the government of Venezuela stopped paying the money that they owe to the European bankers. As a result EuropeanRead MoreThe Economic And Social Standing Of Their Country On The Neocolonial Practise863 Words   |  4 Pagesmovements blamed the economic and social standing of their country on the neocolonial practise, and pursued unpopular policies with the elite and foreign companies by pursuing nationalization of foreign owned business, agrarian reform, and to increase political participation (McSherry 2005, 5-7). Fearing the nationalization of U.S. owned industries and the spread of leftist regimes, the United States established operation Condor, which was a joint military effort across military states that sought to eliminate

Is It Better to Be a Human Dissatisfied Than a Pig Satisfied

Oak Trees versus Acorns: Which is better? It has been argued for centuries now, that people do not grow their full human potential, largely because they do not participate in a reasonably sophisticated refinement . John Stuart Mill, in his book Utilitarianism, claims that It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied [Mill JS: 1863]. This essay will show that the advantages of being a human dissatisfied are better than those of a pig satisfied. But before this can be proven, we have to understand the metaphor that compares humans to pigs. Mill compares two types of people: people who prefer to be humans according to his definition, and those that prefer to be pigs. As pigs would ‘eat up anything that†¦show more content†¦Whatever kind of pleasure they prefer is the more worthy kind. Mill uses this concept to show that knowledgeable, higher order beings prefer the intellectual pleasures: Now it is an unquestionable fact that those who are equally acquainted with, and equally capable of appreciating and enjoying both, do give a most marked preference to the manner of existence which employs their higher faculties. Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals, for the promise of the fullest allowance of a beasts pleasures; Â… It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, is of a different opinion, it is because they know only their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides.[MillJS:1863] Mill highlights that a, a fool or pig, can only have a different opinion because it knows only one side of an issue. But a Socrates or human, knows both sides of an issue, and therefore can have a different opinion based on valid justification- which can only be achieved haven taken all aspects into regard. Therefore Mills argument is a good one because it logically argues that people who have experienced both types of pleasures (intellectualShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Mills Pig Thesis1727 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Analysis of Mill’s â€Å"Pig Thesis† John Stuart Mill published his seminal essay Utilitarianism in 1863. In this essay he builds on the work of his predecessor Jeremy Bentham, who sought to create a scientific approach to ethics, and responds to common criticisms of Bentham’s philosophy. Mill retains the core of Bentham’s Utilitarian philosophy, the Greatest Happiness Principle, but differs from Bentham’s position that pleasure is homogenous and that good actions seek only to produce greaterRead MoreUtilitarianism : Mill s Theory Of Utilitarianism1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfurther broadens his examination of happiness. Along with this he also defines the subtle differences in his own theory of utilitarianism. By claiming that it is better to be â€Å"better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied†, Mill asserts that it is better to use one’s higher capacities to be aware of the world whilst being unsatisfied than to be ignorant and naà ¯ve but blissful. In Chapter 2, Mill begins by answering the objection which claims that utility is a separate concept from pleasure andRead MoreShelby Bryant . Professor Brandon Underwood. Ethics And1325 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeper understandings of what it means to be good. In a sense, Kant wanted to use duty to bring about good. We all have a duty to do good things like helping someone less fortunate than ourselves not looking for any reward, but strictly doing so because it’s our moral duty. Ross took his view on morality a little differently than Kant. Ross’s view of morality makes for a very windy road instead of a literal interpretation of right and wrong and good and evil. Ross lists seven sources of prima facie dutiesRead MoreThe Theory Of Utilitarianism By Jeremy Bentham And John Stewart Mill903 Words   |  4 Pages), Fecundity(Will the action produce even more pleasure?), Purity(How free from pain is the happiness?), Extent(How many people are affected by this action). Bentham claims that playing the pub game of push-pin is more valuable to happiness than the arts like poetry, or music. Push-pin can be enjoyed by all who play it, so it brings immediate pleasure, and no pain, and pain according to Bentham is evil. The writing of poetry, and the playing of music takes time, and to Bentham that is â€Å"pain†Read MoreEssay on Explain the Main Strengths of Mills Utilitarianism852 Words   |  4 Pagesmaterial and offer short term pleasure but not the sort that lasts. He use the saying ‘Better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfies; Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied‘ to show the differences between the two pleasures as that you can be a human dissatisfied which is better than being a pig who is satisfied as that you are may not be happy or content but you are doing good which is better than someone who is happy and content but doing bad. Mill is considered a rule utilitarianRead MoreThe Mill s Utilitarian Pr inciple785 Words   |  4 Pagesmore valuable than others† (315). Fundamentally, Mill thinks it’s important that â€Å"quality is considered as well as quantity† of pleasures when calculating the GHP (315). He had concerns with Bentham’s utilitarian calculus because it required one â€Å"To suppose that life has (as they express it) no higher end than pleasure†¦[it is] a doctrine worthy only of swine† (314). Mill does not see why you would treat base pleasure, the same pleasures that pigs are capable of, as equivalent to human pleasures ofRead MorePlato s Crito, The Law Of Athens Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesmany reasons why Socrates should not escape. If he was to escape he would be disobeying in three ways, one to his parents, two to those who have brought him up and three which is his agreement with his city. He should instead honor the laws more than honoring his parents because in theory the city that he is living, has raised shape d him to be who he is. â€Å" We have given you birth, nurtured you, educateD you, we have given you and all other citizens a share of all the good things we could† ( p.Read MoreUtilitarianism Essay740 Words   |  3 Pageseach to count as one and no-one as more than one. However, there were many obvious faults in this theory; for example, eating a chocolate bar is subjective to people who like and dislike chocolate therefore not every action has equal pleasure and pain for every person. John Stuart Mill, a fellow colleague of Jeremy Bentham criticised him for developing a ‘Swine theory’ as it encouraged people to be selfish and recognizes no higher purpose for life other than the mere pursuit of pleasure. 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The Trial Of Mr. Frankenstein - 1514 Words

We are gathered here today for the trial of Mr. Creation and Victor Henry Frankenstein. The creation is charging his creator, Victor, with negligence, reckless endangerment resulting in the involuntary manslaughter of William Frankenstein, Henry Clerval, and Elizabeth Lavenza, malpractice, emotional, and physical distress. My client, Mr. Creation, has suffered many times at the hand of his creator, and we are here today to see that justice is served for the cruel actions of Mr. Victor Frankenstein. In the following trial, we will be proving the defendant guilty of all the above charges. Mr. Creation is charging his creator, Mr. Victor Frankenstein, with negligence. The creation feels as though Mr. Frankenstein did not fulfill his duties as creator to teach the creation. The definition of neglecting, in short, is to be remiss in the care or treatment of something, or to fail to carry or perform an action. By this definition, Mr. Frankenstein has neglected his responsibility to raise and care for his creation. Mr. Frankenstein allowed the creation to run away, never bothering to seek him out, until it benefitted him(). Mr. Frankenstein and the creation’s situation is similar to the story of Adam and God from the Bible. Mr. Frankenstein should have learned from the story of Adam and considered what his responsibilities were. When the creation was first â€Å"born† or came to life, he was abandoned by Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein ran away from the creation twiceShow MoreRelatedA Tragic Hero : Frankenstein s Creation929 Words   |  4 PagesSadie Larson AP Eng. Lit. Per. 6 Mr. Perry 1 December 2014 A Tragic Hero: Frankenstein’s Creation Tragic hero’s can come in all shapes and sizes. They may appear as a villain in multiple works of literature. In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the tragic hero is the creature. He is a main character whose faults led to his overall downfall. 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Case Method free essay sample

This introduction is intended to provide students with some basic information about the case method, and guidelines about what they must do to gain the maximum benefit from the method. We begin by taking a brief look at what case studies are, and how they are used in the classroom. Then we discuss what the student needs to do to prepare for a class, and what she can expect during the case discussion. We also explain how student performance is evaluated in a case study based course. Finally, we describe the benefits a student of management can expect to gain through the use of the case method. There is no universally accepted definition for a case study, and the case method means different things to different people. Consequently, all case studies are not structured similarly, and variations abound in terms of style, structure and approach. Case material ranges from small caselets (a few paragraphs to one-two pages) to short cases (four to six pages) and from 10 to 18 page case studies to the longer versions (25 pages and above). We will write a custom essay sample on Case Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A case is usually a â€Å"description of an actual situation, commonly involving a decision, a challenge, an opportunity, a problem or an issue faced by a person or persons in an organization. 1 In learning with case studies, the student must deal with the situation described in the case, in the role of the manager or decision maker facing the situation. An important point to be emphasized here is that a case is not a problem. A problem usually has a unique, correct solution. On the other hand, a decision-maker faced with the situation described in a case can choose between several alternative courses of action, and each of these alternatives may plausibly be supported by logical argument. To put it simply, there is no unique, correct answer in the case study method. The case study method usually involves three stages: individual preparation, small group discussion, and large group or class discussion. While both the instructor and the student start with the same information, their roles are clearly different in each of these stages, as shown in Table 1. 1 Michiel R. Leeenders, Louise A. Mauffette-Launders and James Erskine, Writing Cases, (Ivey Publishing, 4th edition) 3. l Learning with Cases Table 1 Teacher and Student Roles in a Regular Case Class When Before Class Teacher Assigns case and often readings Prepares for class May consult colleagues During Class After Class Deals with readings Leads case discussion Evaluates and records student participation Evaluates materials and updates teaching note Student or Participant Receives case and assignment Prepares individually Discusses case in small group Raises questions regarding readings Participates in discussion Compares personal analysis with colleagues’ analysis. Reviews class discussion for major concepts learned. Source: Michiel R. If the stick had the picture of a motorbike, the consumer was entitled to the second prize, a TVS motorbike. If the print portrayed a camera, the customer was entitled to the third prize, a Canon camera. The picture of an ice candy stick won the consumer, the consolation prize of a Feast Jaljeera Blast (actual jaljeera drink, in the form of an ice candy). In 2002, HLL launched an innovative, aggressive and the first of its kind promotional campaign called ‘Ek Din Ka Raja’ (EDKR). Unlike the previous product specific campaigns, EDKR covered the entire range of ice creams. Running from March 2002 to May 2002, EDKR was the biggest ever promotional campaign for Kwality Wall’s. The contest was awarded the Best Promotion Campaign in India award at the Promotion Marketing Awards of Asia (PMAA) in Singapore. The promotion also won two more awards in Asia a Silver for the ‘Best Idea or Concept’ and a Bronze for the ‘Best use of Direct Marketing’ out of 97 short listed entries from Singapore, India, 38 Unilever in India: Building the Ice Cream Business Philippines, China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and Korea. 16 The total number of redemptions was close to a million, with each consumer spending a minimum of Rs. 100 to Rs. 125 per redemption. The EDKR contest entitled up to 10 lucky consumers to spend Rs 10 lakhs in a days shopping with their family in Mumbai. They

Business Writing for Transformational and Charismatic Leadership

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Writing for Transformational and Charismatic Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Currently business managers just do not need excellent managers; rather they look for excellent leadership capabilities in a manager. This demand is seen in organizations because strong leaders act as the key source to maximize production and directing the human resource to common business goals. Without leadership, a business environment remains dormant. However, presence of adequate leadership in business organizations promotes effective implementation of business ideas. They play an influencing role in delegating responsibilities, taking calculated risk and coordinating both employee and organizational needs (Hoffman et al., 2011). Hence, business manager who aim to become a leader need to transform their personal values and turn it to calculated actions. This report gives further insight into the need for managers to translate their personal values in to calculated risk and provides a discussion regarding the characteristics required by a leader with support from the article The discipline of Building Character. Review of actions and beliefs to make transition from a manager to business leader The article The discipline of building character written by Badaracco, (2017) provides an explanation regarding how professional responsibilities and expectations comes into a conflict with deepest personal values. Different individuals may have different approach to tackle such situations, however such decisions ultimately defines their individual character. For business managers, who come with their own personal values, they need to translates their values to build effective leadership characters. This starts from taking shrewd steps towards improving business productivity and employee performance. Once leaders build a strong identity of their own, they make a successful transition towards becoming a business leader too. Hence, the Badaracco, (2017) gives a comprehensive description regarding how a manager with expertise in management skills can engage in intuitive work as a leader. Many thought provoking questions can help them to transform their values into calculated actions. Be njamin O'Reilly, (2011) supports the facts that good leaders are those who have the willingness to engage in courageous actions and take bold moves to improve their chances of success. In alignment with Badaracco, (2017) view about building leadership characters in a manager, it can be said that managers can learn to take calculated risk only when they engage in a process of self-inquiry. This method of inquiry helps to better handle business situations and identify appropriate moves needed to overcome the problem. Obiwuru, (2011) further highlights the characteristics that make good leaders survive in their job. The core quality of a business leader includes self-awareness, decisiveness, integrity, fairness, knowledge, enthusiasm and endurance. Hence, a business manager who personally does not endure wrong things in their life will have to learn the tricks of endurance. In another word, it can be said that those managers who want to become a leader must build themselves like an endurance athlete. This is because a manager only manages business operations but a leader has the extended role of being visionary and motivating employees to perform too. Mental toughness is important for them to survive in a complex business environment. Adapting the following elements of mental toughness is critical to take the right steps towards building effective leadership characters: Firstly, they need to be flexible to accept the unexpected and still motivate themselves to re-educate and take the right calculated moves Responsiveness is also an important attribute for successful business leaders so that they can take prompt action in complicated situations. Such qualities also foresee and manage threat in business environment beforehand. The characteristics of strength and courage are also important for managers to modify their own personal values and develop mental toughness. Managers who are timid can never have psychological strength to handle adverse and tough situations in a judicious manner. Lastly, the resilience is the key source for a person who aims to become business leaders (Riordan, 2017). Hence, the above mentioned qualities enable a business manager to acquire the right leadership qualities and engage in careful deliberation to take bold and calculated moves. Top leaders have earned recognition for their work by learning to take high-risk decisions. The main proposition of the article The discipline of building character was that business leaders need to refocus on their core values to resolve the toughest business challenges. This is important because many times the deeply rooted values creates conflicts and comes in the way of professional responsibilities. An appropriate step to refocus on core values is to critically evaluate what values and commitment is most important in current situations. This helps to take the right decisions and complement business operations by means of shrewdness, persuasiveness, tenacity and self-confidences in ones skills (Caldwell et al., 2012). Such method of recognized values and commitment according to current goals and objectives helps a business manager to combine idealism with realism too (Badaracco, 2017). On this basis, managers will slowly build their own leadership style to achieve the goals of their business organizations. Companies mostly look for an exceptional leadership style in man agers to add value to their organization. Such demand is rationally correct because difference leadership behaviours have been found to significantly affect project performance (Hargis, Watt, Piotrowsk, 2011). Hence, leadership style is becoming critical for success of business organization. The development of leadership characteristics in business organization is also understood from different leadership theories. It also reflects how their behaviours encourages employees to succeed and move towards the same business goals. For example, the trait theory of leadership focuses on what common personality characteristics are needed by effective leaders. It may involve internal traits like integrity, decision-making skills, assertiveness and empathy. This is also related to the internal belief and process of an individual to respond to any situation Colbert et al., 201. A contrasting insight into the leadership character is also provided by the behavioural theories of leadership. For instance, Kurt Lewin categorized leaders on the basis of their behaviours. He gave the argument for three types of leadership such as autocratic leaders, democratic leaders and Laissez-Faire leaders. Autocratic leaders are those who do not consult the team before decision making and they do not focus on team agreement for any action. Another type of leaders are democratic leaders who focus on taking feedback from team before engaging in decision making. In contrast to the above two leaders are Laisseze-faire leaders who do not interfere and gives the team a chance to show their capability. Such leadership style works if the team is highly capable (Hoel et al., 2010). All these different leadership style also reflects the personal values and belief of an individuals on the basis of which the take actions within business environment. The article by Badaracco, (2017) discussed about the process of transition of a manager to an effective leaders. While translating their personal values to calculated business actions, their personal values determine the ethical course of action they will take to support their workers and organizations. This action ultimately transforms to different leadership styles. Hence, it clarified that personal values also play a role in leadership effectiveness. The article by Ciulla, (2014) supports this fact by explaining that combination of many personal values of an individual determines the action of the same person in the leadership role. Therefore, a managers capability as a leader can be evaluated by his/her perceptions, attitude, motivations, personality, self-motivation and commitment. These variables are enough to understand behaviours of managers as leaders. This type of evaluation can reveal the value orientation and specific skills of leaders to motivate employees. The above mentioned points present the link between leaders effectiveness and their personal values. Hence, they can translate their personal values into appropriate leadership style and calculated moves only by means of commitment and goal setting process. The first step for them will be to determine the short and long-term goals for the organization. Secondly, they need to engage in critical thinking process to take calculated moves. This will depend on knowledge and insight about high-risk situation in organization and success can be obtained amidst high-risk situation. It may also involve the meticulous task of marketing research to understand the correct moves to success and tackles such situation (Antonakis House, 2013). However, if managers are not committed to business excellence, they may take an escape route. This will mean doom for the organization. Due to this reason only, having positive personal values is considered important to handle a complex task like leadership an d encourage the whole to work in the same direction. Conclusion: The discussion on the need for managers to translate their personal values to calculated moves gives useful insight into the role of personal values for leadership effectiveness. The article The discipline of Building Character gave the indication regarding how personal values can be transformed by managers to make the transition to effective leadership style. This fact is further supported by evaluation of leadership theory, leadership behaviour and effective qualities and mental characteristics required by organizations to success in the leadership role. In future, to develop more leaders, it is necessary to engage in personality development too so that their character and resilience facilitates them to take calculated bold moves and promote success of business organization. Reference Antonakis, J., House, R. J. (2013). The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 3-33). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Badaracco, J. (2017).The Discipline of Building Character. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://hbr.org/2006/01/the-discipline-of-building-character Benjamin, B., O'Reilly, C. (2011). Becoming a leader: Early career challenges faced by MBA graduates.Academy of Management Learning Education,10(3), 452-472. Caldwell, C., Dixon, R. D., Floyd, L. A., Chaudoin, J., Post, J., Cheokas, G. (2012). Transformative leadership: Achieving unparalleled excellence.Journal of Business Ethics,109(2), 175-187. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014).Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Colbert, A. E., Judge, T. A., Choi, D., Wang, G. (2012). Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality: The mediating role of contributions to group success.The Leadership Quarterly,23(4), 670-685. Hargis, M. B., Watt, J. D., Piotrowski, C. (2011). Developing leaders: Examining the role of transactional and transformational leadership across business contexts.Organization Development Journal,29(3), 51. Hoel, H., Glas, L., Hetland, J., Cooper, C. L., Einarsen, S. (2010). Leadership styles as predictors of self?reported and observed workplace bullying.British Journal of Management,21(2), 453-468. Hoffman, B. J., Bynum, B. H., Piccolo, R. F., Sutton, A. W. (2011). Person-organization value congruence: How transformational leaders influence work group effectiveness.Academy of Management Journal,54(4), 779-796. Obiwuru, T. C., Okwu, A. T., Akpa, V. O., Nwankwere, I. A. (2011). Effects of leadership style on organizational performance: A survey of selected small scale enterprises in Ikosi-Ketu council development area of Lagos State, Nigeria.Australian Journal of Business and Management Research,1(7), 100. Riordan, C. (2017).Six Elements Of Mental Toughness. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/2010/09/17/executive-mental-toughness-leadership-managing-athletes.html